Vca today on July 30th, 2020. Our topic for discussion this morning is going to be cover crop considerations for fall planting. We're pleased to be joined this morning by Mr. Keith Boulder son with NRCS here in Tampa handed Virginia. Keith is also retired VC extension agent here in Essex County. So we're pleased to be joined by Keith this moment. And keys going provide some comments and some considerations to think about as we enter into the fall season here and a lot of cover crop work being planned and some of the work that he's done over the years and a lot of his experience with cover crop work. So we're very fortunate to have him with us this morning without further ado. We appreciate everybody joining us this morning and we're going to go ahead and share the screen here and had Keith join us. So if you could just give us a second, we'll get started. And I appreciate the opportunity to visit with you a little bit more. And I'm glad Rob is doing technology polytheists because it's hard to teach an old dog new tricks. But in any case, when Rob asked me, would I talk a little bit this morning about cover crop considerations? I thought for a little bins that well, what can I talk about? It's a little bit different because cover crops have become a pretty significant part of our cropping systems in eastern Virginia over the past several years. Because I think because it cost-share programs that are available. And also some of the difficulties we've had with producing wheat at a proper level over the past several years. So what I want to try to do is maybe get folks to think a little bit differently about cover crops. Think about him as actually being a crop. I think we still have some folks that don't really manage cover crops. They plant them and kind of let them do what they'll do, kill them and planted next crop. But I think we would be very advantageous to think about these cropping systems in the whole cropping cyst or the cover crops and the whole cropping system. How they can help the overall cropping system. So that's kind of my goal today and relist that rather than spending a whole lot of time or some of the plot work we've done. I'll give you a little bit of data from some of those, but I think I'll interject more of my personal experiences as a guide. It's those a little bit of form and in his work with cover crops on his own farm. But I think for producers, that might be more interesting, thorn a lot of numbers at you. So we'll move forward to the next slide. And so I think what I would suggest to you before planning a couple crop, let's think about what we want that cover crop to do. Because different cover crops, new different things. They're not just like individuals, they have different talents and what they provide to the cropping system into the soul. And they're, they're just not. If you plant the wrong cover crop and don't match to the specific goal you've got, you'll probably be disappointed. So I've listed some goals that I would hope growers would think about as they're preparing for credible crops this fall and trying to match those goals up with a particular crop. And these are in no particular order. There are others that you could come up with. These are just some and I think about as a foreman in eastern Virginia, we have some soils that are not very high soil organic matter. And we know the importance. Soil organic matter. And I could certainly be one of our goals. If that's a goal. And you plant have vetch cover crop, you probably not gonna be happy with what that dose, because it's not a cover crop that's going to increase soil organic matter. On the other hand, ride would be something you'd want to look at. What Ride and only get 60 inches tall and is killed and terminated. That's nine won't do much for soil organic matter. You've got to allow that cover crop to get the biomass before you get the increase in the soil organic matter. So for soil organic matter, small brains, I think for this area is probably what you want to think about. Erosion control. Hopefully in this area we do a lot of that with that continuous no-till systems, they work very well keeping soil covered. But the small range can be an integral part of that also. And there again, I think we're looking at the small brains. If soil erosion, is it what we're looking for? And I'll put grow and nitrogen. This is actually, you're trying real nitrogen for the next crop. And I'm sure everybody here knows it's less than this morn vary for me with our legume crops. And these legume cover crops had the ability to fix a whole lot of nitrogen. And if you're looking at a corn crop and you want to build some nitrogen product plant, net corn crop than the leggings is what you want to look at. And it is my personal preference as really become Harry, which there's been 30 years ago I worked with a bottle but it isn't crimson clover. And that's still some folks look at that, but the plot work is really made us look more batch. The Austrian 10P is another, another crop you can look at. Those seem to have some disease issues and never has really caught on. So wilderness area, compassion management, and I'll put the brass tillage radish could also be rapeseed, which does have some concern as far as control. But I think those are the two that come to my mind are the brass was come to my mind. But all of these cover crops, if you can get deep rooting, they can help with compassion because Nose route decompose. Even if you've got a compaction layer where those root channels decompose, routes or the next crop can get down. And, and of course we know of all we're trying to increase their earthworm capacity of the soils and the earthworm working of those. And they also get down deep. And even though we may have a little bit of compaction, if there's some channels there, those roots can fine, then that's, that's great. A kind of group. The next form together the soil structure, porosity and water infiltration. Because I think they all kind of go yell and anything we can do. We're not well, think about this summer. We had back in some areas had some pretty good rains to three inches rain, latter potted, you know, rain for the next four weeks. Where ROA crop, we have got to do everything we can to capture live available water. That comes a lot of times we get enough water, but it's not distributed at the right time. These cover crops and mom, i can really help us to capture that war when we get these hard range, which we seem to get more and more of, we have got to do everything we can to capture that water and get it into our soils if it runs off, its can be environmental concern and it's certainly not going to help the crop. So I think this one is kind of key. We're trying to improve that solve structure and all this stuff integrated together. Top soil structure is we're not going to have good soil structure if we've got tilted their souls with low organic matter. So this to me is, it's critical that they, particularly with these huge rainfall events we seem to have, we want to get that saw, Get that water down in that saw, saw those crops. So we'll have that water when we know that dry weather is ignore last two weeks is going to last two months if the last two months, unless you've got a great soul and some irrigation is probably God will make any difference. But I saw this year where I think in some instances, some cover crops and having good soil structure, porosity and water infiltration. I think we got through that dry spell a little bit about nitrogen trapping. And you can kind of include this with nutrient cycling. The small brains in Nebraska as they work well together. Net situation, a weeds oppression. This is not one I have a whole lot the experience with or know what Dr. Flexner Extension Meat Specialist is doing some work with that. We know NRCS. I actually ALL Ci Ji grant with a growing and more farmland county working with the sustainable Chesapeake that's looking at some of this. I and this is wanted, this we deal become a problem in this. In our earlier what I see most the horse weed and Rag we, but we gotta get a handle on that. And then hopefully these, these high biomass and I think not the Flexner would say, for the weeds afresh, we gotta have a lot of biomass. I think he's saying three tons. It's oppression. And I actually saw some weeds oppression or with bench this year in colon. And I will, I'll pass it on to you as we move for establishment methods. And I put this up here because what I see sometimes up, my personal opinion is we don't pay enough attention to this. See the soil contact is o. That's an old agronomic principle. And it's true some, some seeds are more sensitive to it than others. But if we don't have good seed soil contact, you're probably going to be disappointed in your state. And we've seen that sometimes where we had just broadcasted seed or we've had Ariel seeding where we didn't had rainfall in the fall. And if you remember, last fall was extremely dry. It did break, I think ladder Paul, October but it was extremely dry than September first for October. So in my mind, drilling is best on small enough to know that that's not going to work for every produce. A little guy like me, that's only plant and 40 acres of cover crop. I can really and I know for some folks, it's, it's an added expense because they can broadcast cheaper. As an option of broadcasting with no tillage. Some people do that. As we've already mentioned, that's hidden myths. There's risk with that. And then we can broadcast and use the light vertical tillage with things like the turbo till, which I've seen cases you get a good stand with that is you can't drilling in. A lot of bigger producers can do this because they can broadcast trucks or other types of spread was get a lot done in one pass. And they've got these wide 3040 foot vertical tillage tools. And I see a lot of roles do and admire, applaud him for doing that because I didn't think the seeds soil contact is is critical. It's just an important component. And then we had the option of early seeding in the standing crops. And in some cases this may be what we have to do, particularly if you're try and if you think about Eastern Virginia, they're all corn small brain soybean crop used to be a bread and butter, not quite so much anymore, but if you were trying to get a cover crop established into that double crop, soybean, it's problem then I will come off until November. There's a challenge there. So I mean, it's getting late. That's where we probably have to do ariel scene or come up with some kind of innovative way to get that cover crop planted before we're getting into November because the cover crops and I'm kind of jumping around but it's things pop in my head. I just sharing with you that early establishment, I think I have a slide later on and get net growth early. That's important. It's an important from an environmental standpoint of trap and carryover nutrients. It's important just to get an outcrop off to a good stance. So we get out your plan cover crops way into November and December. We're not going to get the benefits we like. And then I'll just make a comment. Or some of these things are very expensive to us that hey, I bet you can probably hear $50 make ended with the establishment cost. That is wanted from a personal standpoint. I wouldn't not just broadcast that to me. It's too much risk. I gotta get that. I've gotta broadcast it and gets until it's done for drilling. Just just don't edit it all around him and pray and it is not enough in my personal. Okay. All right. Next slide. So as mentioned, what I'd like you to do is take a systems approach to these cover crops. And I'm basically just going to share with you, this is kind of what I've been doing. And for me as a foam, it's worked pretty well. And I just we've already talked about this, but I'll almost small brain guy. I wish we had I wish we had a ball him off, and I wish we had good wheat prices. And we could use their system because at all system in eastern Virginia, that all rotation, it got people. As I mentioned earlier, it was our bread and butter for a long time. But it's just not working as well as it used to for various reasons that well, there's made it difficult for the small brain cramps. And it's just, we have a lot of, we have a lot of corn and soybean rotation in this area now. And to leave those fields fallow overwinter. I don't think that's, I think there's a niche that we should be doing something different in this rotation does that we don't leave it fallow. But why don't we kinda got something growing all the time and we'd like to see those Lie groups all throughout the year. And this rotation minimizes the time that we don't have live. My rate. And it's a, it's a simple, it's a simple rotation. For example, will just go through what you might do this fall. You plant Iraq cover crop and doesn't have to be right. My personal preference is right because I'm trying and it's difficult, but I want to get as much biomass and hope this'll organic matters I can get. And we know rise won't give us the most rope. So we plant rod is fall. After our corn is harvested. My preference would be to hopefully get this done by the end of September to get that row of two goods store, you could add a couple of pounds tillage radish in there if you want to help break up the soul, if you want to, as long as we're getting their plan about September, you don't want to steal it radish vanity late. But if we get that in there, that can help break up some soil compaction can also help within carryover nutrients. And this year we got some great stress corn and area. There'll probably be some carryover nitrogen at these small brain cover crop. It helped to this garbage. So we grow that cover crop. In the spring of 2021, you plant fall season soybeans. You grow that crop. The fall of 2021, you plant a vegetable crop file and soybean harvest. And then spring of 2022 we plant coal. And then you just kind of start the rotation over. After that. That's worked from a personal standpoint. That's worked pretty well for me and in the system and I'm using it's all continuous no till I have no I don't have any way to sometimes I think I would like to probably have an ability to do a little bit of ribbon, but I don't have that tool than I have really. Personally, I have no vertical tillage tool. I'm Chuck if I'm another bowl with that, but I'm just I am seeing where I think there's a need for that. All the cover crops or drill. The same drill is used to plant a no-till beans. And as Robbie knows, because he's seen my equipment, it's all pretty old stuff, so well, but if you said it right, it gets the job done. I so net moving forward. The goals. And I and in all honesty, when I started this system working with this property, I guess eight or ten years ago. I didn't set out to think about goals assigned that stuff mostly because AGI Kangxi era and asked the farm and me and faith, I'm very thankful for the Cauchy problem, whether it's through AGC, NRCS, soil and water conservation districts. They play an important role in I'm glad that system is not obey album is still available because as I mentioned earlier, and some of this stuff is not cheap. So but when I look back, if I set out and it did practice what I preach because I told you this morning I thought you ought to set some goals. This is kind of what I would've looked at. I want to try to increase the soil organic matter, the souls a decent gotten boot camps, little soils from Suffolk soils and I've got some it's a little I don't work anything that's a real sandpit. Don't work anything. It's access that wet. But I'd still like to be getting these organic matters. I'm proud of hovering around 2% I'd like to give them higher and then grow the nitrogen by incorporating it or legume cover crop. Some of you may know Paul Davis. Paul really got me interested in this importance of field days. He had a field day at his form several years ago and I saw that and I asked him, I said you plan weeds because the row we get concerned about her batch, but he said, you know, I really am Head of problem control on it because it does have a certain percentage of odd c. But I've only been able to control it to and I really don't have any concerns planet even if I was going once a week now forebrain. But it, it caught my eye and I watched the research forward for a few years. I said I will try that. And he was a he coached me a lot. Matt helped. He said he told me. He said, first you won't have anything, you think you don't have crop at all. But he said if you got some patients, it'll really it'll really do well for you. He was right, that I've been I've been satisfied with. And then we talked about this kind of depth already. I think Chris large, my beyond it is more nozzle stole this product from BM because I've heard him talk about making sort of like a sponge. And that goes back to that part of we got a conserved this war. We know we will probably have a depth and at some point during the summer and we just have to do what we can to try to get that. If the infiltrate and be there when he's crops go want to stress. And as I mentioned, I have no really ability to manage saw compaction. So I'm trying to use these cover crops to also do that. And I've, I've used tillage radish in some cases, the last few years I've gotten mostly to just monoculture of Bri and carry a bitch. And I think the bottom line, If you've got farmers listening, probably those last four words, five words, making a formal proof. But we can talk about everything il sole productivity saw ill. But at the bottom line is, we suddenly want to improve the environment and our soil water resources. But he's gotta be in a sustainable and profitable way. And that's what I think they go hand in hand. The more productive you sold is healthier your soul is, the better chance you gotta have a profitable farm. So we need looked at soil resources, being proud of their most important resource. We got on a fall. I got coming up, man, I don't know how many people are watching or listening now you do this, but I've got some pictures, economists show how the rotation would work. So sometimes I've got planning pictures. Sometimes I DO. This I think is really an old picture from about 2012. This was a year where I am think of a drought year and I actually threw some radish in there with as not allow radish enamel thing it was but two or three pounds a day go and arrive was probably not plant equated a bush. This was taken in late the someone now, to me, that's kind of what we're looking for. That's got a few bare spots, but that was drill. You can actually see the radish. You see kind of streaky looking that's think as nitrogen carryover from when a nitrogen with dribbled all nicole. Because I'm pretty sure I didn't have this picture label, but I think it was back in one of those years so that cocoa crops doing a good job of pulling that excess nitrogen all windows radishes at year. They got better as my four. So starting off with a planet that hopefully in September, that's what it looks like in December. I think the next slide is got some bigger Ri this is actually a cover crop that extension Robin Stephanie in salt water districts and NRCS volleyball. This is actually a test plot, but I focused on the picture on the right. Some girls loved essay manner. You let me get that big and I know growers it do and some don't. But there again, if you want to, if you're looking for biomass and soil organic matter, you gotta let this stuff gets in growth and you can see in the background, That's where the plot was. As there's Ryanair thinking that you, we add some oats. We had barley and wheat and we had follow. But I put that picture in there just to give you an idea if, if organic matter is what you're shooting for, You gotta have growth like this. It can't be 16 inches and killed it off six inches ne ha, and it can't be a real thin, thin stand. You gotta have, you gotta have the biomass there. I so then we would move forward. This is actually a picture from the jump, Mr. Hinton who's working with the rolling part of it. We've planned for seeds and beans into rod, it was role. You got a cropper role through a project and he was he crimped enroll destiny planted that if and I hope I'm not misspeaking. That is actually the death of that rise from the cropper role at this point, he's not put any herbicide on there. So from what we're seeing and it looks as far as the standpoint of laying this ride down and actually killing it. Incredible role or seems to be doing a good job. And this is a project ID coded, kinda messed it up. But thankfully we had a, we've got a great farmer cooperative with this project. And a lot of work still got done this spring and will follow this through four the next few years. And hopefully at some kind of educational bet, we'll have some more data to share with you, but that's just kind of a next step in the process. This rather be killed in this situation we planted fall season means then obviously we'd come along. And this is just nothing but a picture of I think being forward it nest, that's just a, that's a picture from a plant in Warsaw from a few years ago. The field on the right or the, the plot on the right, if I remember correctly, was right. And you can see here to me is kind of look like their lives a little bit. This ride was really x. We had a lot of growth and is and we didn't see a lot of yield differences in this. And on the left side of the flay, o is where the wheat was. But once again, it's just the next step in this rotation. So we move to the next slide. Then we would come in here and plant the Perry vetch behind at being harvest. Will just mentioned right now that to me to be successful with this. And this is where you've got to think. If you're going to implant a mid five saw me variety. You're probably not going to get that off and time to get this batch planet and time them out. You need probably a 43 to no later than a foie because this bitch, you probably want to have a planet by the mid part of October and even a little bit earlier with a password. You can see in late December, you can see it, but it doesn't have nearly the growth or the ground cover that the ri and the and the combination of tillage radish did I so we let the WIC row sometimes and be careful that, you know, he enjoyed moving. Sometimes I do. I think the state program allows you to fertilize after the 15th of March NRCS. We really don't don't care if you if you, if you fertilize the cover crops earlier, sometimes I think they need that, it needs and formalization, but sometimes an effort to get that vetch kick-started. We'll go in there. And latter part of March, you go ahead and put my corn for our laws aren't even with a little bit of nitrogen to get that stuff to grow and Paul was and what it told me to try that and it does ill. But this shows you what that vegetable look like at planting time. Those are not the exact same fields, but they're very indicate what you would have. This is the previous picture was from a few years ago. This picture's actually from this year. And this field was planted. Vetch got collated growth this year because we had a mile one on this planet earlier than usual. It's failure on the 17th of April. Actually to the right of that picture. That's a strip of Austrian 10P. I don't have anything divine a man, but on the left is the hairy vetch, and hopefully we'll take some yields with this. But this vetch radio, I didn't measure it. I feel confident which probably a 100 pounds of plan available nitrogen now. And know the colon and I'll show you some pictures from this video right now, some corner to pictures I took of the day. So this is actually, this coal is what I'll talk about what under stress, under stressful back 26 Days it within that period with pretty good soil moisture, but basically 26 days with limited might have been a quarter of an inch by nosy eat we pay it. And I really was concerned. I thought when I walk in and feel my pollination was not going to be really good and it does have some issues. But overall, I'm pretty pleased had an elder, I mean, you can see some far and that's if as nitrogen deficiency, it's, it's induced from dry weather because there's plenty of nitrogen air they call distorted far in song because it gets so hot and dry. But not every ear looks is good. But I think we'll still might go a decent crop because this is, this is from one of the better parts of the field. But I really think this overall system of using these cover crops. And in particular, I really like the bitch. And I can't prove it, but I think it's helped a whole lot. So that's to maybe the last picture in there. Yeah. So that just kind of goes through and shows you what the rotation would look like. Just a few tips for success. Established right about in the September and her bench by mid-October. And we already mentioned that soybean needs to be made room for, allow both ryan, Hey, bitch, crops plenty of time to get good growth. I hope I've emphasized at that vetch that looked really good. If I had killed at a month earlier, it wouldn't look anything like that. Even two weeks before that, it wouldn't look this dude. And you'll notice I did plant, I agree, I've had pretty good success planning into that batch green and that gives me that much longer to let at best give some growth before actually kill it. Terminating Ryan mid to late April or later for high biomass. And we mentioned late April to get the nitrogen benefit for the batch. I will caution you because there may be some listeners in this area and we have some issues with nematode. You need to be careful proud with any other legumes if that's the case because they can be a host for these root, not insist nematodes. And I'm not an expert on it. I did some work with those names. They were one of the most frustrating, passed AB or work with because Africana till somebody if they had a problem. But they're not really easy to manage and it's not, we don't want to do anything, any crop and system much really kicking these numbers are because we need to manage to keep those nematodes under as manageable as we can. Use quality seed and good seeding rates. There are most of the program tests, specs for the actual seeding rates. And folks of BCI asked, kind of put this in here. When no grow or save a lot of their own seed to reduce cost, do be aware that there is a plant variety Protection Act, and it was amended in 1994. And it basically says, See, that's protected under that cannot be legally so from farm to farm. And I would probably include most of the wheat and barley currently on the market. So I just throw that out there to be as information from BCI or there's a whole lot more information available on that. You could contact them or contact your agent if you have some concerns about debt. And there's even there's even a more stuff on that, but I just, that's food for thought. I next slide. So we kind of talked about goals and so evaluating the system. And when I worked for extension, you good ol, extension agents out there know they always talk about obey waking probes. Also went back to my extension days and Barbara, I would evaluate this. So I looked at kind of what you see at the first bullet of some of the goals. And then I've got a bullet point under that. What have I observed so far? And we know we mentioned that we want to increase all organic Mao. And we've been able to document biomass of over three tons with the rye. Or soil organic matter has slowly increased, but it's not something that's going to happen overnight. You gotta continue to work at that. Realistically 1 tenth of a percent per year. You're doing well, if you can do that, it's just not. Somebody comes and says they increase all organic matter 1% over a year. I have a whole, I don't think that's scientifically possible. So that's a great goal. But remember it's not, won't happen real quick. You gotta work at, and you gotta have high biomass crops. Grow and nitrogen. I mentioned that with the WIC and this is more has been pretty easy document. There's a whole procedure for doing that. We've done a lot of working would extension and the districts and NRCS. We pulled a lot of samples and we've been able to document all 100 pounds of plant available nitrogen from the batch. And I've seen 200 bushel per acre corn grown with only 90 pounds per acre of commercial nitrogen. In combination with these good arabesque crops, are a vegetable crops. That's where it helps to pay for itself. I mean, if you can get a 100 pounds of nitrogen from it, $0.40 nitrogen or whatever it is right now as thoughts and know. And then improving water infiltration soul structured in that porosity deal, which I've talked about so much being important. And it's hard to document. But just looking at my soils, I think they have a better capacity to families large rainfall or bits and keep that water needed. Managing soil compaction. And in all honesty, I haven't used the penetrometer like I should, but I'm not I don't, I don't think I have any real compaction problems on a farm. And I said I have not done any RIP. So improving the soil productivity and health and making the fall more profitable. Once again, it's difficult to quantify because you had no check to go behind it and see what what it would be if you weren't doing this system. But definitely soil erosion is decreased. So you've been to my farm, I've got some pretty highly erodible solves. I got one feel object, but back in the old days my grandfather formed. That was backing reason a lot of tillage, we'd have thunderstorm that he'd be a dad with bricks and blocks and buffalos and everything, put an indignity to try to stop it in that for you right now, generally, and it's got some c in passing some D slopes system where the continuous no-till you really don't have a big erosion problem. So that's decreased. The soil organic matter has slowly increased. And in my mind, crop yields have trended, are and you know, varieties of battle. So you can't, there's a lot of reasons for that. But I think this whole solve health deal equality has helped with that. We'd suppression was not an initial goal or would not have been an initial goal for me. But I did notice this year, I was able to reduce the herbicides, used all columns to a very basic program, pre-emergence and income and back over the top. But the pre-emergence program cost me less money than what it traditionally is. I told my fertilizer neither what I was thinking about doing from now on. And he said, I said you probably won't like this, but he said I can't argue with. He said you had enough we had enough mass out there that you should need much of a preprogram and induced comeback over the top because at that bed sure. Shaded brown real well and stuff didn't come up a whole lot. Alright, so just kind of combining our soul health and cover crops. This is kind of an NRCS approach for principal who's foresaw ill, keeping the soil covered. And we know we can maximize it with these, with no till and these cover crops. And we'd like to maximize living roots. We don't like to see a time there were there's not something alive. Rowan and rotation I mentioned went through with you. I think using those cover crops greatly reduces the time that there are no living reached during the rotation. Energizing with diversity, the rotation has some diversity. And also we can include more mixes in the cover crops. The more you do that, the more expensive it gets. But we want that diversity because we know these different crops stumped them. We're still learn a lot about. We know they all offer different things to solve organisms and so for and then minimizing soil disturbance cover crops not so much an important role is that as the no-till ear. So these cover crops or combine, hopefully, hopefully we use news MS. F's components to greatly improve our soul ill. And I think I got one last slide and we'll I'll stop talking. I just mentioned the car share programs. Nrcs has two programs that have cover crop practices. That's the grip and the CSP. There's no active signup right now for them, but probably will open up this fall. So be in touch with your local office or sign-up dates this fall. And I spend some time in my two years with NRCS and I'm not a full-fledged NRCS employee but trying to help an a tab had an office. It's it's opened my eyes up to these programs. And how important is the sedan and understand them. Whether you working with NRCS, all the soil and water conservation district with THE cost with a state program. Work with them and see how they can fit into what you try and dig because they can help all that expense wise. And a lot of times you can mesh the two programs together. What will work for one feel that the district program may have the right program on another field, it may be NRCS. So spend some time with the cost-share programs for the state. Problems are pretty much gone on right now at the soil and water conservation districts. They have different cut-off dates. So mama had gone until the middle of August, tab organic, I think it's the 14th of August, Warsaw. Thanks. Or a week earlier. So I'll check because you're getting short on time for them and you need to just go ahead. If you entered a nice cover crops Nicole share program GUI and get signed up. Understand the differences in the programs. There's planning date, things with some of the programs, not so much in other programs, but understand what you sign up for and understand what your obligations are in those programs, and set our staff from both NRCS and the districts so that you do understand them. And I know girls a lot of times don't get bogged down in those details. But it's important that you understand and use those problems to benefit environmentally and economically as much as you can. And in both the small green in the leg and cover crops might be available in both problems. Just depends on the area. So take time to understand those and hope everybody can get signed up and you've come across this fall. I hope it's successful. And you have that a lot or break luck and integrating them into your cropping system probe. And with that, I think I've talked enough so well, I will stop. I thanks, Keith. We really appreciate you joining us this morning. The first question is, is planning the edge behind so a B is viable, or would it be better to try and early spring planting a badge for the next corn crop. Yeah, you can play a batch behind soybeans. I mean, that's what that's basically what I've been doing, but you need to plan and make sure you gotta bean it's common off by certainly by the middle of October. And there has been I think he says, but try and early spring planning that that's a good question we thought about doing saw that the spring just to see what it would do our planning virtue in the spring, I honestly don't know how well it performed. It would be worth somebody just born to bones and steed at all or make sure you get good seed saw contact. We're trying that because if it would work, that could be helpful. But we've never I've not done that, but it would be worth looking at. The next question we've got is, does Harry Batch get enough growth to plant corn in the first week in April to get nitrogen benefits? I would say no. Unless you've got though she got a plan and relearn and hand extremely mild. Well, big difference in what you have the first week in which you have the third or the fourth week that two weeks in air from generally most years from the tenth of April to the 25th April makes a whole lot of difference. So I had a couple of years ago it was getting kind of messed up. It is dust raid was wet and no company was in the spray stuff. And I did a little bit earlier than I normally do. But with that situation probably got only about 30% of the nitrogen in it that you would normally get. And you can check the lot of the literature. It'll tell you how to actually, it has to make what nitrogen you got from it. It's a pretty easy thing to do. But too early, you won't get the benefit. I get a question on seeding rate for the vetch and how many pounds, 10-15 generally, I think even brought even if you drill and you probably need to be close to 20. I don't think. I mean, I've had some situations are as I mentioned, I got all the equipment and sometimes get net been calibrated rate for drillers with four batches difficult. I've heard some years where I've started off a little bit too light and down around 15 pounds was in my mind was not enough. So I like I like 20 or if I'm driven. And last question I see here is in this system a data you in a good year ever see indicators of corn running out of nitrogen behind badge? That's another good question. No. And yes. And my nutrient management that year was not very good. I guess the one thing that I do see from the batch, which is probably the only negative I see. And I think there's been some research it documented. It does become available pretty quick. I wish it was a little bit slower. And remember once it goes nitrate, nitrate, whether it was from a chemical, chemical fertilizer, oro, organic source, it's called leach and I think it was 18. We will very wet. In a previous year I've done the exact same thing i'd inside rested, you planted pretty late. But like 90 pounds of nitrogen noted, planning it didn't side dress in 200 bushel core where you know what form and what worked. One year doesn't work the next. In the next year we had a lot of rain. The same practice. The corn definately ran it and with 90 pounds and probably another 8090 pounds from the bitch. But I think if you don't have access and that was just that was on You mean whereby remembers 2018? It was very wet. So I've gone to the point I am not if I could one-star tougher laws or add 130 pounds are stored and product side just another 60. I don't one-star. So this year I ran like a 60 in sod dress 60. But yes, it did. It's a Euclidean norm. All right, we got one more question here. It was a question about the use of burned down to terminate and the picture of the role or current drive was on another farm. So I think Keith did mentioned that that he does use a burned down determinate on his farm. However, some folks to use a role, a crimp URL on cover crops or for any other questions, I guess at this time I will open it up to to everyone. And if you have any questions, you can just unmute yourself and ask some of those questions, but you do have the ability now to unmute yourself. So any questions from anybody that's joining us this morning? David Oh, sir. Keith David wholesalers or I appreciate you inflammation. Very good information. I've had some experience with planning Ryan that chapter, soy bean and then growing corn. And I've tried to terminate that after planting corn. In other words, planning that bench and to bring cover. What is your herbicides program both burned down and residual or and even post emergence that you're using for that corn crop. I've had a little bit of trouble killing the Batch and right now maybe you're just shoes badge. Yeah, but you probably have heard of him which rule with a rod and the vetch because I'm using on the WIC, I'm basically just using remarks ohm and two for D. This year I added just limousine and add cosine, came back with a round of, hey, let's probe. And that has worked. I've used grow maximum by itself before just with a pre-package all call. Jen. It has not been a problem, but I could see if you add Ryan mixed in there and use remark zone. I could see, hey, you probably could have some problems because at REI or can, can give maximum of a problem, particularly if it's getting up in the boot stage or actually heading out. So I can understand. And really round up, I don't think is really all that great or round up would be, but on the right. But I don't think roundups very good on a bitch. I've never used around upon the batch but genitive veteran, I had a little bit a streak initially, I don't know exactly what was going on. I didn't get quite as good a burned down on a bench this year as I have in the past. But it really wouldn't enough to be competitive. And what came back over the top with a post merge program, it Fried and I kind of like having somebody that still green because I think maybe that was that nitrogen product released a little bit later because it wasn't killed when keel quasars quit the ride itself when it went up to kill that. I'm using around oh, I'm trying to do on our round up into four d. 24 d is mostly for the DAG or horse weed because that's become M0, that's become an issue and that I have concerns about debt. I'm I don't have it real bad, but I asked a couple weeks, go spend a little bit of time. Polarism row o, host, we did the deal and I'm getting off topic, but the host B looks like to me, is, they'll say to me is germinated over a long period of time, Germany. And it's also act like a semiannual cuz I saw someone to feel that they want it for 60 inches tall. So I know they just they just came up recently. So it's become an issue. In any other questions for Keith this morning? A key this might yes, sir. Hello, ether. Don't ride a boat, you. Good, Kate, notoriously Debian using cover crop for model form for about three years now. And I always get mad grabbed flammable. Is there any it's anybody ever flown on bed? You know, crystal, I don't know if he's still only a lot, but I think they black man and Charles City. I heard him back in March. I believe Dave said it, he was fine is all so you might check with the crisp, but from my standpoint, like is today and all expenses from me take it changed a little bit of a tight LA Net seed is I'm Brian at C, you get stuff like a balanced and nonsense of panels largest. It I'm sure if you get it right. All kept rank well, the foundations, it'll be okay. But I'm just it's too much risk for me personally to take to fly that stuff home and know it exit it might Paul Davis might be I think Paul fly. So maybe they've had maybe they've had good luck with it. I think I have heard Paul say E flat it, so I'm not saying it can't be successful just for my system in a way I do things driven, that works. Okay. I'm not had time to do that. Some key thumb. This is Chris. Can you hear me? Yes, sir. Am I was visiting with day black. One thing he add, David Black does Ariely seed his legume cover crops into as double crops, soybeans because he want to he wants to complete that system. But he told me that he has recent coded seed and he believes it has made a very significant difference in the reliability of that, of that fine on, on. So I think that may be something for us, the group here to think about and look at. And I don't know if anybody has any, any experience with coded coded C, But that's 1. And I will say you mentioned Paul. It's funny because I hear folks going back and forth. But you will see a lot of people who are drilling on to get that reliability. I think Paul Davis might have switched over to that camp. But flying camera work, yeah, actually, it is just I just think back to the old principle of C de Sol contact. And no, I know incidences like one day blacks do it. There's no other way to do it. I mean, if you tried to use it within the old crop cropping system in this area. I mean, there's not much other way to get it in time. They'll fly at all. Yeah, I've had really good luck. Planet owned, but this tilting the crops can be standing. So the C gets the Bagram and I'll always look for rain within about ten days, two weeks. If you keep them, if you can time it, if you can time that and it can be, it can be very successful. But I guess the vec2 mythologist product with Ariel ceding, that seeding rate needs to be a little bit hard and 20 pounds and know that just that our solid stop a SJU cost. One other question. Cave gave a prom plant, the green bitch. I had a crimson clover. They come back volunteer every year and sometimes just step you through thickets hotplate. They I haven't really had a problem. I'm using no. I'm, you know, 7 thousand planner. I have I have run into a few instances. It was probably more my fall because of the scope of this should've been replaced. I have a little bit up happening at some point. Where did you get that depth? On a cone is consistent because I mean, it's the guys doing cold, it's consistent depth an emergence is extremely important, but all I really have not had a big problem. And he said, I know well. Try and think. Some other, some other roles have actually planet into green and said the same thing, ID the plan into a green or kill it and let it have a good on several days to dry down pretty good. I think where you have the biggest problem is is killed it in plant and a couple days later when stuff gets stuff gets kind of mining. I mean, it's wet and No, that's a product. Try to avoid that, but I've done it both ways. If I give them an ad, a spray for me when I want to back this year ie coal to get it sprayed and he's like me, yeah, this animal planet, he said that's fine. He said I'll be there in five days. If he could've gotten there that day, I might wait a minute. This sprayed weighted plant, but within not being able to get there for a few days, I just went ahead and planted I did notice I'm not a big fan and I thought I was going to ask some issue, but it looked like it came I must spray and is done with a target or I'm not a big fan, I haven't interrogator run all top the corn rows of that position when they sprayed it, it was a little bit on a website and I was a little bit worried about emergence, but the Cone came up, I'd, I should've mopped ofs and places and went back and check it just to make sure. But that's probably one thing I would try to I'm not a big fan of that run on top of it after our planet. But if you think about it that extra five days of growth to be important for getting the nitrogen from the WIC. With that being said, I just want to take a few seconds and thank Keith again for his time. This moon wealth of knowledge on this subject. And Keith has been doing a lot of this work for, for a decade now. So it's a wealth of knowledge. If you have questions, just reach out to us, we'd be glad to get those to Keith and get you an answer on those. But just a lot of great work that's been going on and in we applaud his efforts on that. So thank you for joining us this morning and provide nice comments and angry defamation. Just a few more comments before we finish up this morning. Thank you again for everyone that's joining us. Thank you to Chris and IT folks in RCS for some of the work that they're doing as well as the folks at the soul of water districts provide and some of those programs to really help facilitate that cover crop work in this area. Also would like to thank the team of agents that make this effort possible every week might brought us and Caroline Lloyd, blower, maxi nay, and her summer intern, Shelly Underwood in Hanover County. Stephanie ROM will check and her summer intern style or Swan and Westmoreland County, Trent Jones and North dominant in Lancaster County. So thank you all for for all of your work to make this possible every week. What two other quick comments. One, if you have joined us today, if you just take a few moments and complete our evaluation, as key said, evaluations are extremely important in extension. So you'll see a link there that Stephanie's provided in the chat window. You can just click on that. It'll take you just about a minute or two to provide us some really useful information on the program. So we ask that you please take the time to do that. And with that being said, the last announcement, if you could join us next week, we really appreciate you being with us and supporting this program. Next week we're going to have a topical and getting ready for harvest. We're going ahead. Mr. Bobby grew. So from the agricultural economics department on campus at Virginia Tech, he's gonna be share some comments with us on how to prepare for harvest season. I know that folks have some concerns maybe on some of this drought-stricken corn land, you know, what's the best option there? Just some reminders on Kanban adjustments and maybe how to calibrate you set up your yield monitors. Just some general considerations as we approach harvest season here in the next month or so. So if that's of interest to you, please join us next week. Same time, same place on August sixth at 09:00 AM. So thank you again for joining us this morning and thank you everyone for all your support. And I see a comment here that today is National entire day. So thank you to our VC and turns. We appreciate all your help with the program. So thank you again. And with that being said, I hope everyone has a great rest of the week and that great, great, take care. And NB say thanks.