Welcome everybody. Thursday morning, August 27th, 2020 for VCA today, I've topic for discussion is more and it's going to be planning for week planning. And we're very pleased to be joined by two very great gentleman this morning, Dr. Wade Thomas and extension grace specialist with virginia cooperative extension and Virginia Tech. We're also joined by Mr. Paul Davis retired a in our extension agent and producer and new Kent County, Virginia. So thank you both for joining us this morning. Before we get started. Just liked to make a few quick comments. First comment. And she says that I'm sure everyone has been aware of what happened recently in the Midwest and was going on in the day in the Golf coast. So just like keep those folks in our thoughts and prayers going on around the world with some weather events. So just just ask folks to please please keep that in mind. Weighed and Paul, appreciate you being with us, I guess. Wait, are you going to start off forces morning? Yeah. Well, I guess oh, actually did because he was given the soil collection for a small grain production out of it as we add an intro. But yeah, I want to echo that. And I guess real dated for though that you came here. You know, we do that. We forgot to grow good tweet. We have high yields and good quality. We're going to have to put, you can use significant inputs in it. And you might as well put that in a social situation where you can see the benefit back from that. So soils, particularly that are poorly drained are, are bad choices for, for small grain. It's even worse for barley. And in it he has for weekly tank stand, wet, so waterlogged soils little better the barley, but neither war and handle it very well. I wanted to start with couple of slide here if you guys don't mind. So, you know, a big part of my job here at Virginia Tech is when we run the small grain and corn variety testing programs. And so in the statewide OB teeth are in my group. And so we we test we add seven locations around the state. All varieties are tested at all locations. And flash you, we tested a 130 varieties and experimental ones and all those spikes, it replicated four times in each place. And at the end of the year, we summarize that in one publication. And that is, we call it small grains in 20-20 sprawl gave in whatever year that will contain all the data that we have on these fruits. Yield, test weight, high lodging scores, z-scores. Museum had lived tower. It's whether or not the variety had arms or not. All of that stuff is in that publication. We also have for those who don't want to have as much of a deep dive. This recommend list of recommended varieties that we try to put together sort of as the Cliff Notes or for those things. So these are the varieties that over the last three years have risen to the top of the heap in terms a grain yield and test way. And so we also consider middling and making quality and disease resistance in those recommendations. But, but in general, that's sort of the Cliff Notes version. And then behind that for another 100 pages or so, you'll have all the information that we've learned about. If there's a link to that in the chat box. I noticed in the zoom screen also that I think probably the easiest way to find it is to use whatever search engine you did on the web and either search for spares. 2027 NP, the name of the publication, or Virginia small grains in 2020, will get you there. The other piece of it, but I wanted to make sure that everybody knew about. I just did a virtual presentation for the eastern shore, a rec, summer field day where I took six or seven minutes and went through the eye how to use the tables that we had and we put together for that. So R over locations or two or three-year tables have a lot of data. And I went through what each one means, ends and how you might use those as criteria for, for variety selection. So I think there's a useful tool there if you just go to the faithful rick Facebook page. It's one of the top things. It's pan there would be the presentation from that field. They obviously I'm promoting mine because it's related to small days, but there's lots of other good information there too. So once you've picked a variety, I think the, the next thing that we probably want to do is to consider C treatments into what kind? Where. Paul, what do you what's your advice on that? I'm very remote feed treatments. That tweet is going in. And it's a very slow growing from France, most of the winner. So B30. If you plan too early, you can get some hash and fly issue. See treated for an insecticide. That will help. Although you don't have to worry about aphids witness in the fall, in the winter, I would see great men of an insecticide will control that. Before we weren't knew them insecticide 30g trademark and we thought of the thing being uninfected fat-free. It'll come back to control aphid within a foliar insecticide. That Thanksgiving ban. Definitely, you're going to get the variety you need to select for disease resistance. Let me find you sat on the thing, bring that up a little bit and ensure people real busy in the foe and going into dear hot and see that we don't have to worry about powdery mildew issues anymore if we put a feed treatment on it. Well, I'm I'm very much in favor of freedom every acre funky or some type of a fungicide, insecticide on this. I would probably agree that eat at CAA. I promise you that the increase you see in germination just due to a simple find decides the treatment can be, you know, ten percentage points which easily makes up for the cost. And and probably the most frustrating call and I get in a year are the calls I get in mid to late spring from wheat farmers who have the spots with ball yellow dwarf virus and they want to know what they can do about it. And that unfortunately there's no help.. It was it was where aphids fan in the fall and, you know, it happened four months ago. So there's nothing to do. There's no rescue or way to improve in that situation. And so you're right, if we're not going to be actively scouting and and if you spray an insecticide in the fall, we need that insects that feed treatment as well. Those thing. You're gonna get your C cleaning process conditioning. It probably 6, $7 without any seed treatment on it. That's what it cost them. Conditioner. And looking at three or $4 to get the insecticide and funding fad foot on. There you're looking at, you know, no more than a one bushel who you're going to definitely get that. Now, I haven't done enough research to say, put all the micronutrients and growth regulator on plant growth emulator donut as a seed treatment. I'm not recommending that. I'm not not recommending it. But my point is that, and in fact, if that sounds good. So the next piece I wanted to hit was was planting dates. And anytime anybody asks me, I I give the standard answer of, you know, go to your long-term average. Fall for OFF date in your window is probably a week before or two a week after that, maybe a little earlier with no tail because that residue keep sold a little cooler. But I wanted to point out something that I think would be pretty relevant for you guys. Something we've been working on for the last few years. So I got on the screen and I apologize for those of you want to look and I'll try that try to explain it as well as I can. But I have to map to the State of Virginia. And they both show see your they both show accumulation of 400 growing degree days working backwards from December 31st. So in other words, what day would you had and had to start on in the fall to accumulate 400 growing degree day and that's about enough to put on two to three tillers on, on a wheat plant. So this was the day if you wanted to have three killers by January war, this was the date that you would have had to plan. And in each of these regions of the state. And obviously, I think everybody recognizes it as you go from the Southeast is the warmest through the coastal plain and the central piedmont, southern region state a little warmer. And then as you climb into the Blue Ridge Valley and at higher elevation to course how those dates are going to be earlier. What we did was we looked at long-term weather data from 1981 to 2010. So 30-year period for the date where we would've been able to accumulate those 400 growing degree day. So that's the figure on the left. Now pay particular attention to that. For example, that region and Todd water there and parse out each Virginia from 1981 to 20 can you would've needed to plant the week of November 12th, November 18, in order to to get those growing degree days. And then through most of the rest of the coastal plain, you would have been needed to plan and plan by the first week of November. So number five, Poverty. And if you look at the 10-year period from 2007 to 2017, we add a week for Chesapeake, Virginia Beach, and far southeastern Todd water. So that moves up to the week of Thanksgiving that we're accumulating foreign are growing degree days. And in that November, the week of November 12th to 18th becomes 400 growing degree day accumulation possibility for basically all the rafted the coastal point. So what I'm what we're seeing is that we are staying warmer later into the fall than we, than we did 20 or 30 years ago. Which means we're getting more weak growth, more development in that current concurrently, the thing that has not changed though, is our average spring free date. So while we're accumulating more and developing the small grain more Nepal potential for in spring is not, it's not moved, it's not changed. And so by planting early or even what was our entire 25 years ago, we are probably where we are putting ourselves at greater risk of free damage because our crop tends to be further developed than it would've been when these recommendations were put out there. And so I guess as I look at this, one of the recommendations that I'm starting to make to producers is that we need to delay week planting a few days, three days, five days, seven days over what our long-term recommended rate would be, the date range would be just because of this change in this ball and your patterns. And all we did some supplanting data studies around midday, you hosted about your near-far where we tried to look at really early planting What what what your observation yes. Sandbox called briefing. Over three years with his graduate student. We looked at an early October planning battle, October 20th planning, and about a November first through the November fifth paint planning. Every year. The Middle and Late plannings yielded to early significantly. And most of it was because of the frieze damage for this. And just people years ago. This year, granted one of the old bomb research. Rattle plots. And the advantage until November the Parks and it for the variety of over a 100 bushel. And in that field, I didn't know what that no Bharat got hurt by that MAY ignite made PMP queries. You the outbound ideas and try to get started on October 25th and try to finish by November, November first. But again, I'm a small logo to undertake the wheat and a bit painful at grill. Or I'm not a big wheat grower, but are. Get it all done. And that I think is the most benefits. I absolutely agree. And I just to further make the point, I pulled in another map. So I dropped off the old historical data, the 30-year data, and then looked at this, the teen years and Bob years up to 2017. And again, you know, you look at the area of that really late planting date, Thanksgiving area where that's still feasible and appropriate. Continuing to expand. I what do you see in this? Continue to move that direction. So I think that's a valid recommendation for producers, especially with the way that we've been hit with praise in the last few years. The next piece on my live to work to talk about was was fall fertility. I know that some producers choose to wait on that, but I mean, we're going, we're going to invest in a small grain crop. It need phosphorus, that need potassium, it needs those nutrient needs. We need ph to be right. And so, you know, the time to correct that, manage that most accurately and best use is ahead of planting. Our typical recommendation is 20 to 40 pounds of nitrogen in the fall. Party B, and a good summary of that higher end if we're following a really high yielding corn crop. So all the truly depleted, the lower into that, maybe 20 pounds or even less, it will follow and soybeans that are going to leave Barnes a significant amount of nitrogen. But kinda, I always disappoint recommend nitrogen and sulfur in about a ten to one ratio, a to one ratio to match that in amino acids. So I think that's an important part throughout the season, both fall and spring. Fall Put something that you haven't yet got to always remember. The night again. If we got a 150 bushel corn or laughably put down 40 bound in my career. Hi, I'm proud of wheat, but we've got 575200 words and corn. We're going to put out a little more or night during what foot of that 40 found that fall under heavy colon crop, there get a lot of residue that's going to break down. The winner takes bacteria and finds out and do it. And maybe some of that nitrogen ever introduce or what have you been doing long feel no pill and you can cover crop your Night beginning the soil. You've already probably a little higher than those people that have not been practicing that fell. But it's always a memory leak. I double crop soybeans. You gotta put it out fear in front of the corn, wheat. And it'll be there. File not only data, the root zone before to mean the planet. Always remembered. Thank you. Go back. You being grabbed me. Good fertility will get bought. It for what? Weed control. Talk about fall we control ball. You'll want to start off with a clean feed bed. Now if you go out there with feedback or liberty or Barrett blot. Or are we locked phone or light-filled? Say products? Start off claim. If you've got perennials, you want to put something like a liberty or light buffet down. But if your guess angles have a mock them into rotation, not life afraid. On every frame. We menu then we've got, I think outbound was the first place that found harmony resistant. Particularly. So we need the app clamping after we get a good burned down, we'll come back to leak. Stay suitably leads they do. We add a metric, needs it, and a couple of ounces. And that really leads to the crop clean going into, into the winter. And then some other options weaken the spring found that with a towel flex harmony, different products like the start of clean. Every time I talk about this, I think about a conversation I had with Dan brand when I was first getting started here. And Dan told me, he said they should wait weed control and we like football. It's a ball sport. And I should have put the picture in here. I've got a slide of a field in Southampton County where we actually were doing a bluegrass task blocks or weekend trying to kill bluegrass. But what you can see out of that at harvest time is in the, in the treatments where we took the bluegrass out in the fall. There's no marriage tape in the plots where we didn't spray the others might emerge tailed, poking through. Now wasn't liked at odd spray herbicide and we had any effect on what's marriage tail. It took those other weeds out and that crop canopy was able to keep the marriage tails down. And that's a good example of how we can take advantage of some of this will fall. Now, I'm talking to the side of my cheek Now, I could start clean. Am going to plan about 20 Baker's unit merrily point comes off, more planted back 25 acres of a summer angle mix. And then I want that they golf and rope or bet six weeks, seven weeks. And then I will plant right into it. And I will let that summary in your cover crop that with a frieze. And I'm hoping that will eliminate, hey, a fall application of a sum of a, of a herbicide. It's something I'm trying to drown it on. Biobank did last year. And it worked really good. Increase my THE flats that Vishnu it from that and the cover crop be smothered crop of my fall. We right or wrong and we've given them dry. Well, yeah. But it's always good to to try and test to see if they work. You take the waste, you know, six or eight weeks old son, John, that could be make in carbon forming more havoc. Rowan thumping out there. Kind of interesting that follow up with that. Alright, you, you'd bring me something to fight against that kind of wrap it up what I wanted to talk about today. Paul mentioned it earlier, but in the on-farm replicated on-farm testing in eastern Virginia publication that Mike and the other agents put together is a really good painting. Outlining. Look if you have a target for the number of seeds per square foot or feet or foot a row. How many see, you would need to buy in order to get to that seeding rate at various seed sizes. That's one of the things that I see people make a mistake on very frequently. They'll c to a, a mass or a weight rather than a feeding rate. And many, many terms, what we end up with is a field that isn't that under seated and not enough plants out there. Because we had some a variety with big seed, planted a 120 pounds or whatever it was. And they only got, you know, 14 or 15 or 16 feeds for photo row just didn't get the population that they need. So I would encourage those of you that are good or environment or working with farmers to look at that carefully. There's huge variation in varieties from, you know, from the same variety from one year to the next can range from 13 to 17 or 18 thousand feet prevail. Among varieties in our Can't, we do 1000 carnal weights on everything that we bring in here. And we'll go from less than 10 thousand to 19 thousand feet per pile. So there's a lot of variation out there and a lot of opportunity to, you know, to either do a good job or make a poor decision that was really difficult to recover from it once we've, once its eaten the ground. Can I talk a little bit about seedbed preparation? Differ? I know Virginia is one of the leading states in the nation in the pill. And then, and what I've seen, I'm not a cotton farmer but I work with the blacks ON child city. Is that follow in both read and fully being followed when caught cotton. You really don't need to do anything on their chocolate plant and smell. But you don't need any kind of a kilotons ahead of a good note, feel grill. You can get a great stand. We that experience research here in the fall, I'm looking at corn, it's been less than a 100 bullshit to the acre wheat plant right into that. But we don't, we don't, which I will get caribou chocolate. We able to get a good span beam to that. And we don't bump are succeeding radar would eat at that time of October 25th, November first. We'll just see or try to get 28 seats for footer row. You get over a 150 bushel corn, then a whole lot of residue. So then we void and run a bush, I'll go with that. And then where we've got some on our better soil than on the irrigation where we got over 200. Both the corn, we run it, the, the Whoosh all government pretty early. And then right before the plant will want to Turbo chopper it, try to break up some of that rather they and a nice high yield and corn areas, we will bump are seeding rate up about 10% or they've got a whole lot for any kind of drill plan through 200 Muslim coin residue. I agree. And the other thing with the, with no-till, I've illustrated, we talked about earlier. You know, that residue reflects the sunlight. The ground-level stay is more. The crop tends to grow a little more slowly. And so we have to count it. We have to do some things that would be advantages to that drop. One of them is probably planting a few days earlier than we would if we were conventional tail. The other option that we've found that seems to work well, here's a late fall application of 20 to 30 pounds of nitrogen. If we don't have the Taylor's going into winter that we'd like. You can come and around Thanksgiving and put a few pounds of nitrogen on there and boost that Taylor development so that we have that greater yield potential from those fall develop killers. I does not appear for every field, but in those where we were either late planned or just didn't get to tailoring that we want. That is a tool we have in the toolbox. Well, I think that you ought to cover about a topic. I'm ready to try question. Okay. I thank, thank you. Weigh in power. Appreciate your joining us and enchanters comments is more than just to kind of reiterate what we were saying. And I went ahead and put the two links for the two publications that they mentioned this morning in the chat box. Both the 20-20 Virginia on-farm weak test part publication, which you can find their own farm plot. Dipole participated in this past year with some of those really good yields, as well as the small grains and 20-20 publication from Dr. Thompson's research efforts and his team. So if you haven't had a chance to take a look at those before making some see selection this year, I'd really encourage you to do so. You need to find there's links in the chat box. With that being said, I just took a look at the chat and the I only see one question there from Mike. Mike, hopefully they they touched on that enough to answer the question about no tilde versus conventional planted wheat. They cure the, they go. The one thing I would, I would thought a question. One thing I did want to make sure we've done a fair amount of work looking at wheat variety under both conventional and no-till and conditions and year in and year out, it doesn't matter. A good variety can be a good variety regardless of whether it's planted in conventional or no tail. Now there are a couple of things that would make wheat variety better in no-till. And that is something that is, you know, mid to late season because we are probably going to want to plan it a little bit earlier. We're going to want, especially if it's implanted in corn residue, good fusarium, head, bladder heads, gap tolerance. So those two criteria are ones that I think need to go in. You need to be weighted more heavily in no till conditions. Maybe for varieties that are fitting in there rather than conventional steel. But the rest of it, I there's not any reason to. To consider war, they're not any different. Dart to propose. You may want to consider variety selection. The pioneer 26th RPQ, not very, very strong producing wheat. But I wouldn't planet back in the woods surrounded by trees and where you're not, we'll look at it every once in a while. But the beer fan can hurt that, uh, a lot. I'd click that where you won't be closed. Yao's close the shop where you've got a lot of traffic and not surrounded by Y would not able beard in it. Not a pretty grow and weak to begin with, let me would yield. And then there are several though, in our in our over location's table in the OB key publications, we have a column for whether that whether bratty have ours on lists or just on the very tip of the head because we may not have seen all of these variety. And so that, that's one of the things that we certainly consider important information we publish about. Say, you know that an editor IDE, I'm a go ahead and I'll give you the opportunity to unmute yourself. If you're joining us, you should have the ability to go ahead and do that non-use yourself. If you have any questions or comments, we'll go ahead and take a test tab for for both weight and Paul. Arabia Gatto request. That's muscular. Question is more of a request for Paul and Wade? Yes, sir. My will always looking for ideas to do something other than variety selection in this poem publication. So do you guys have any ideas or something we can do experimental wise with we in these plots or without Applause. Please. Avenue. Yeah. You know, on that side I do research for different for laboratory chemical company. And a lot of companies here that are push and plant growth regulators might for nutrients. And I'd bounce some of those or maybe a pretty good moves that good luck with products from, I guess I knew the impact. In fact, I think they gave me about a five bushel and this was a large field, large replicated Betty put that out in the fall. It really increased your learn that those are something that I'd be interested in looking more at. Again, ryegrass control I'd worked with with my Flexner and that'll be the mother thing that are very interested me and I don't know. Every pea on rye grass in it. Per hadn't learned from comment that I would like there to be peace and more data on what I'm doing. Thank you, Bo Wayne, Paul, We really appreciate you joining us this morning. Thanks as always, for all your help and, and cooperation with research efforts and share and all of that with us. And also taking the time to be here today to share some of this with with the producers and agents that are on the line with us. I know it's something that as we come in this season, that information will be very, very useful for producers as well as extension personnel. So thank you both for joining us this morning. Thank you for that 30 degree. And a bad question, Caleb, thing. It'll pop up later and feel free to call, email, reach out, call, wait, don't call me. Also. I'd just like to take an opportunity if he weren't joining us this morning. If you just take a few seconds to complete our valuation survey on a program, let us know if there's a topic you like first cover in the future. Any, any comments or questions, we'd be glad to address those via that that link. Also just like to take a few seconds to thank the production team that makes these efforts possible of the extension agents including Stephanie Rommel, check lower maxi ne Trent Jones, Mike brought us it Olson, as well as the summer in terms that have helped us throughout the summer. Scala Swan and Shelley Underwood who've helped with these efforts. So thank you to everyone for your support of our program and hopefully being a benefit across the Commonwealth. Lastly, I'd just like to make a comment. Next week we're going to be joined by Dr. Kenneth. Hello bang. He's extension engineer from North Dakota State University. And he's going to be presenting on green band management, aspects of grain bin storage for grain. Especially talking about maybe some of the drought Shrek and colon that we've had an eastern part of the state this year and considerations for storage and drying of that if necessary. So we're really looking forward to that presentation on desk on the next Thursday morning right here at nine AM. Dr. Kenneth, hello bang from North Dakota State University. So please help spread the word on that program if possible. Thank you again to everyone. If you're interested in doing on-farm week research, please contact my mike broadest. He heads up that program and he'll be glad to work with you in whichever County you're in to work with your agent and hopefully get some more research out there so we can put that out for growers so everyone could benefit. What's driving it? I am a follow-up from that one meeting in February, found on C where the crop were developed and, and what we need to talk about from the one into the spring when it really takes off. And we used to have a group of former program called IT MAY maximum IQ denom Neil and I used to meet once a month or every other month before planning, like right now, all the way through planning. And that that really broke the yields up in your State of Virginia. Anyway, we can kind of have a series of small grain management. Yeah, Paul, I think I'd certainly be a possibility where we're always looking for topics and I guess we don't know how long this code, that thing is going to last, but it seems that this program has, has been pretty well received. So we'd be very glad to work with you and try to host something early part of next spring or late when or to address that debt management aspect of small brain. Alright, well, thank you. Yes, Sarah, thank you for joining us. We really appreciate you sharing all the great insight. All right, well, with that being said again, thank you to both of our speakers this morning. Appreciate you joining us. Thank you to all of our participants. And if you have any questions, please, please reach out to either of the speakers or your local cooperative extension agents and we'll be glad to assist you as much as possible. Also, if you need a a hard copy of the publications mentioned this morning, please contact us and we'll be glad to get to those as well. So thank you again to everyone. Hope everyone stay safe. Hopefully will we make it through obey this weekend with what brain we're going to have leftover from the hurricane. So please stay safe. Stay well, and thank you for joining us this morning.