This morning, we're pleased to have Dr. David Langston, One of my Extension plant pathologist and the director of the tab order a wreck. We're also joined by Dr. David holes house of one of our extension agronomist deals heavily with soy bean production here in Virginia. So we're pleased to have both of those gentlemen are with us this morning. One of my topics for discussion this morning is going to be disease management and somebody and seasoned management of those diseases, particularly and soy beans. We may touch a little bit on some corn topics, but I think most of the discussion this morning is kinda gonna be geared towards soybean production. But if you have corn related question will between all of us will try to do the best we can to address those. And without further ado, Dr. liced, and thank you for joining us this morning. Then we'll turn it over to you. Thank you to all right. Good morning, everybody. The stand in soybean pathologists, Dr. males live. I've talked to her and I've got some a few things that she thinks would be good company that she thought would be good to cover. Hopefully, we'll we'll be able to answer a lot of questions, at least give you an update on what we think is important. I'm gonna leave that these first two slides. David, if he would mostly cover the growth stages and maturity. If you cover cover they yeah, let me just mention this to begin with. I think what we're doing now is our full season veins maybe starting to flower right now. Photograph was sent me to me by farmer and Madison County ups and veins it plant in April, I think he said that last week and those were already starting to flower. Now he's growing early maturity group. But we did some work years ago with our variety task, just monitoring development. So once we start planning for foliar fungicide applications, already possibility for May 1. Want to know about when those soybean are gonna be at the R3 space, R3 stages, RSS and David, do you have some photographs of that? Let's go through those bonus interesting photographs in R3 stage. Is that in your slide sets, and I've got them down a little bit later in the presentation. I move less than I do, but just let me say there are three stages when those first pods are starting form. So this data that I'm showing now for those who can't see. And I'll try to describe it. If you take a group for soy bean, whether they're early lid or light for and you plant those in early May. And those things will be flowering By the end of the month, and they will begin for forming pods by the first two weeks of July. So those critical times, fungicide application, all your site applications. A smoother next slide, ADD live good 5s is going to be about ten days later. Yeah, there's different phi's early five. Now, if you plant those in early May, they won't start flowering until the first, second, third week of July. And the POD set will began in late July and August. So that's what you're looking at. Fear as far as application time So I'll turn it over to you, David. And now I might, I might seek your input a couple of times through the presentation. And we talk about what we saw last year with soybean diseases. This is a slide that Dr. Miller's years seem like. We, we we typically get a whole lot of stem or root disease samples compared to some of the other ones. We typically don't get as many foliar disease samples as we do. Similarly, some of the steam that route diseases probably because you can see spots and you know, it's one of these laced bought math and energy might not be as as apps in one hand because you can see what's called the damage what statement? Root diseases. You fairly, you'd never really know what's causing damage because it's dying blah. Times we have to biopsy it and played it a. So we, we see a lot of these thrive and cities, especially later in the season, we will see some of these with nematodes, typically an outcome nematodes. And a minute is usually when we see the, the poor growth and, and in spots in the field it, that, that seem to be having some, some problems. We also see abiotic problem from time to time. And when we get an insight when we suspect is insect injury, we, we typically send those to Dr. Sally Taylor. Every pathogen has got some type of environmental condition that favors it to be able to infect the host. And the main ones that we see in Virginia, or your frog Ali spot, your cost per leaf blight and Brian spot, they're all fungi. The in the first two are both in the same, same genus. Typically, their optimum temperatures are in the 77 to 86 degree Fahrenheit range. The brown spots got a wider range. And we don't normally see that as much as we see that the first two, if we're typically for trying to plan a spray were Plan old sprite, your frog ions across broke and, and not anything else. And we hope that what we apply is going to also cover some of the LFO fungal folder diseases that you might see just about any disease, especially a foliar disease era allows all humidity in leaf wetness and the duration of that leaf wetness period. So if you've got several days in a row of extended periods, leaf wetness and it's been pretty humid. And when I want to take the dog out in the morning, I get wet. Dog gets wet, it spits pretty. There's a lot of leaf wetness early in the morning, heavy rain, it burns off. But those extended periods, a leaf wetness and high humidity really contribute a lot to disease progress. So that's, that's what you gotta watch out for that. And, and as you well know, the, the seasonal rains, it goes into what David was talking about when we talk about spraying fungicides. And we've basically spray fungicides based on 33 different things you got, would typically pick one and kind of go with it. What, what is shown here is when we spray. So it means at a certain growth stage, something that you can look at and determine. And and and then you say okay, Where it R3, R4, it's time to spray, maybe early, maybe a late R2 stage. But the critical time the fungicide spray window to Dr. Mill talks about for spray fungicide is is the R3 and R5 stages or somewhere in that range of of time to spray. This is the screen that this is the shot that David talked about. I'll just pull that. There are three picture day that I didn't include the other pictures. And if you want to if you want to comment on what what you are looking, looking at here, what you're looking for, please go. And yeah, one thing about our three-stage many cases we're pulling the trigger to early on, these fungicides will see full bloom. And, and that's really a little early for this. These fungicides will only lasts so long. So we found that if you wait until you start, see in very small pods at the top one, the top four nodes or the plant, that's the time you need to start pulling the trigger. Now we have same results. Going on into our for stage and asked the larger pods a topple of plant. But rarely do we see at once the seed start forming. We're just applying the product to light them. But I just costs me and try not to go into early. You'll run out of product. Don't go in too late because then it's really too late to do anything about it. Now keep in mind on this R3 plan and see if it's an indeterminate plants which generally are group force, you're going to have some fairly large pods at the bottom. But don't base this on the pods at the bottom, going to top four nodes and base your tiny on there. Very good. Thank you, David, Dr. Mel, and I thank David. And I've been in email stream about a soybean risk advisory for your your SIR Casper diseases. And this is something that Dr. males put I don't lag past and crop advisory where she she has different locations located across the state and she bases you gives you a soybean disease risk base. Don't environmental conditions, whether or not to spray it. Certainly there's not just the, the, the, the temperature, it's also the growth stage. So there's two things you gotta taken into account here. If you fall in that growth stage range, then you're in one of these high risk Canny's, it's probably a good idea to go in spray. The thing about this model, there's this advisory system does that. It's usually better it at Tell us when not display it's correct. More 99% of the time or when not to. And that's about 70% accurate and telling you when to spray, giving you that action, that, that trigger. So you know, so I think it's a good to me. I'm telling you when not display is just as important, or sometimes even more important as telling you when this price points. Again, you gotta keep this in mind when we know with your, with your growth stages and the plant with this basic this is based on, on whether primarily baby could jump in here for minute Yep. Way or play an OEM developing an app, phone map, and website for this. But they need some funding to do that. Junior Soybean Board decided not funded project just largely because Dr. Mel had moved to USDA and Arizona and she would not be here today. But one thing I've noticed last year with this, these forecast, I saw a lot of people spraying in the moderate and we were saying is moderate and I don't like the word Scout. I would say hold. It would be my terminology to use for that. Because quite honestly, unless this frog out leaf spot, you can scout for many of these foliar diseases that I caution you. Only if it's in that high level do those percentages work. And that's very important. The 70% of the time, I think that's been pretty liberal about there. Nothing is closer to maybe 50 to 60% of the time we can tell you to spray or not and were correct. So that's not great. On average, we ball. Will I get a response to all your fungicide about 1 third of the time on soybean. Okay, David? Yeah. Thank you. Thank you, David. I'll circle back to one thing I'll say earlier was that I imagine there's three ways we typically spray fungicides. We spray fungicides according to a growth stage or a days after plantain. I think the growth stage, especially in this cases better than a days after planting spray. We spray them according to Scott and which I don't like because you're reacting to what you see and it's not preventive. You've gotta catch that disease very early in the epidemic for that fungicide spray to be good at all. Fungicides work better. What's braid? Preventively trying to spray a fungicide after diseases is already moving across to feel, typically, fungicides don't perform very well. You put more stress on the fungicides for resistance development. There's a lot of problems with that. So we typically like to use an advisory, which is a third way. They'll kind of use bought used biology of the organism and, and the phonology of the plant to, to help us time on a fungicide by Communists. Probably, as you know, Communists probably one of the most critical factors in getting any pesticide to work correctly, and fungicides, it's, it's probably even more so to looking at some of the fungicides are as good as a bunch of fungicides. And I apologize for some of these things not lining up quite as well. My one computer formats it a little bit different than another, but we really have three basic chemistry is we're looking at here, we're looking at sterile inhibitors, which are your DM As you Q0 as what? Your struggle, your fungicides and your SDA John's, What do you group seven fungicides. Those are all very specific. Systemic I find your sounds. We don't have any, you know, and they mix them together to get you can have a multi-site component to a spray and it also broadens a spectrum of control a little bit. But you can look here that sometimes some stand-alones are just about as good as some of the mixes from, I will say that weight, we've seen a good bit of resistance with some of the Q0 I fungicides, not just Virginia but Rawls aside, these DMAT was not quite as much. We really haven't seen a lot of problems with sth eyes because they're kind of nude. New. Jude is saying we haven't, we haven't seen. But most of time when you see a sth, our Q0 out, it's going to be mixed with something else. Dm eyes are typically you're only stand-alones. Your your and your doma RQ is typically a with a widely used willingness on that regard. Lucent though, is a little bit different. It's a DMA Anand sth asked. So that's kind of a little bit different compared to some of the rest of them. But as a two-way split, you've got a lot of DMI QALYs that's been the way to go for a long time. And they all sing performed fairly well. There's just a lot of choices I layer. Basically what I do is that I think about this efficacy chart. Now think about the price of the product. And you think about the price of soybeans and you make a decision based on o net, certainly don't spend money on something that's not efficacious. You don't wanna you don't want to, especially if it's not going to not going to pay off though it's a, it's a decision. This is a decision the growers have to make. And a lot of it has to do with, with, with price. So this is these are some results from Dr. males trial last year looking at a few different fungicides, three application timings. When you look at foliar disease severity, yet looks like for the most part that the the earlier sprays typically performed fairly well with RIF reduce an amount of foliar disease present. Your later R5 sprite doesn't do as good a job. But when you combine R3 and R5, is it which would be intuitive? You get you get better control. Your your premix is Dan here seem to be doing real well and Dr. males trial prac surplus DO more quadra cotton in mirror was caught all seem to be performing before going really well. But when you look at yield, you get a little bit different response. Your, some of your lower yields of leaves braided, R3, your, your your higher yields typically, at least in this chart or with your your R5 spray or your combination, you're combinations always gonna, you're gonna do better. But once again, it's a, it's a more expensive proposition. It depends on how, how much do you think you're going to make owners soybeans will sleep quality. We don't always see a great response with what's a quali typically, what we see here, once again, some of the premix is doing really well. When sprayed later or our sprite twice. The the the the R3, not not, not as much set with America's top one thing in this data to help you make that decision. If c equality has been an issue with, with growers in your area, David, if I could jump in there. One thing you got to recognize is the earlier application is going to be generally is better for a yield response because Graham, we're protecting that leaf area which is so valuable. But that, that, that's going to play out by the time we start forming sadness. Generally, why those later applications, the early Plus a light app or application, and sometimes give you a better seed quality. Emphasize what David said. Just because you're controlling the disease doesn't mean you're going to see quality. This is the summary of the, of some of the products that she tested. Your numerical stops needs to cover a lot of bases, but you need to check a price on that product. Most of them don't perform really well. I'll see quality mean normally when we look at a table like this, there's 0s in it for excellent. We don't see these anywhere here. Urine, once again, these are all premix except for the Denmark. And Denmark is a, is a standalone, which means it probably might have a different lower price point. But a lot of your premix is deuce do tend to cover a lot of bases pretty well, especially the new mirror was tops guy, a little bit different chemistry in it. I would compare that with something like the Lucent tow, which is the SDI anna in a DMA combination. So fungicide recommendations for soybeans bar, I covered a lot of this folder. Fungicides probably won't work make money if it's, if it's really dry, this super drab probably aged a Skype, mainly use a web-based decision aid. Hypothesize near three are R3 stroke. We are sure we yearn. Resistant pathogens. These your group 11 fungicides, don't rely. Own struggle, you're only product battle. We don't normally see a lot of those used in soybean, really, if you got a struggle urine product, it needs to be mixed with something else to be able to use it. Demark is generally effective, inexpensive among the premium products. Quarters top SPX is is what Dr. male is recommended. Typically, fungicides don't prevent see quality issues. They can't rile them for that. Yes. Some pictures and thoughts about some of the the soul borne diseases. You've got Sudden Death Syndrome characterized my vascular discoloration in the lower and lower stem domains. Demo to plant. One thing that does stand out as the Intervale corrosive and necrosis of the leaves got scanned. That root rot, Vasco discoloration, and basically a dad plant stem canker where you've got conquers bar, Brian, tankers that are that are onus dam up that run the length of the stamp. Choco Radha land. Much of this we see typically when I used to see charcoal rotten in snap means it was it was during really hot. Well, or we can go ahead. That's the case for soy being two. It'll be generally or during a drought Bulgaria, it's easy for showing that if you start seeing some of them haven't had rank or while cut, that scam was very characteristic. You can see, I guess just scraped outside of this. Is that correct? And you see all those little those little black dots are, are, are, are fruit and buys at a fungus. Very good diagnostic and track knows usually stems, you see it here, default. This is called an death. It leaves. But if you look below those leaves, you'll typically find a lesion. They run the link the lesion, thank some samples came out last year with interact knows and then your your, your FOMO pod as Dembo here not allow times as a fungicide. You can't really react to these things. You need to make a note of it. Now you have it, but you can't you can't react to him very well. The biggest thing that you can do with these, these types of diseases is, is rotate about. A fungicide application is not going to help you with, with these particular problems quickly I'll nematodes, we typically, when we, when we see a nematode problem, it looks like something else, either a misapplication or or overlap or lack of overlap or or lack of coverage, what it looks like a or lousy problem. You see these patches in the field that are stunted. You look at the roots longtime, the roots will be reduced, have reduced growth, though you'll see galling only routes or in the case of soybeans yet you can actually see the, the white females directly only sign of a root when you pull them up. But you really gotta dig these up. Not so much pull them off. I'd prefer to take a small shoveling big it up and then shake the rude. I ought to be able to see the symptoms. I think this is my last slide, which I'll be glad to hear. For nematode sampling and thresholds as key, you gotta take samples. A diagnostic assays is only good for wats calls in a problem, right? Something was much warmer. Plants look bad. And that's what a diagnostic assays for us, not really it for nematodes. You control those whale before at plantain or before you plant. So it basically helps you determine what's the prominent spot. So what typically do if I've got a bad spot and I can, if I dig up a few plants and can't see evidence of, of root Gallen damage. I'll send and fertility sample and a nematode sample. And generally when we do the fertility samples, sometimes will take a sample from a good area where the growth is normal and the symptomatic area for predictive assays, This is where we sample all the fields at one time in the fall. What rotate. And what we're looking at there is we got an idea what we want to plant next year to see if we've got any nematode populations that reached the threshold levels that we need to treat something that'll pay for itself against some of these nematodes, or if you need to use a resistant variety. You usually want to take the samples when it still warm outside, right at the end of the season ended a growing season year somewhere close to harvest. When there's nematode populations, SDI, that's going to be your most accurate accurate ASA as far as thresholds are concerned with animal wrap it up. I've got my contact information here. I think a lot of you might have on Dr. Holzer contact information. If you have any questions, I'll be happy to try to answer. Faqih in antrum, maybe, maybe knocker. Whole Science Camp. David, I'd like to lead off with a question. You mentioned min, one of you mentioned earlier that most fungicides are systemic. Now you better find systemic. In other words, could you spray it and only get convergence property plant and well, that fungicide traveler boundless em and move into those leaves blood, of course, lower leaves in many cases are the ones that are going to need the disease control. Well, the, most of those fungicides are systemically or are either locally systemic or they exhibit a crop. It'll movement may move from an area that's, that's lower up to the top of the plant. So you're mostly getting the fungicide up in the top portion of the plant are only leaves that you actually yet. So coverage is probably a, it is going to be a thing. You need to think about it. You want to make sure that you can get some of that fungicide to penetrate Nan internet canopy to be able to get to get coverage. But most all these fungicides have they exhibit a cropper will move, they move from wherever they touch the plant up, whether it's all STM or own a laterals stem rule. The main steel. Right. One reason I mentioned that S where I was bank and they do move into the leaf, but they don't spread throughout where whenever we're spraying fungicides that it is critical, so critical to use these nozzles that'll give you those droplets that are categorized in the medium category. I think Bob aggressive on, I did worked years and years ago on that. When we use these fine nozzles, a spade in the top of the canopy didn't penetrate the one. We use what are called herbicide nozzles, large droplets. And so they just blasted right through to Cathy and we got very little on really any of it. So it's the nozzle selections, very important. High volumes, 15 gallons or more for this, I just want to emphasize that coverage is, is key to fungus i effectiveness. Flat fans didn't typically penetrate better than your polygons? That is correct, because I would stay away from their induction, those droplets. So just to be who can look lasted all the way through and we'll get the good God. So thank you, Dr. Holzer and Dr. Langston for for those comments are small and great presentation. I just I see we've got duck away, Thomas and on the land with assessment. And I just wanted to give way to chance or not really to put them on the spot. But if he wanted to make a few comments on, on NCEES and corn disease, manage men. Or if he's seen anything from some of his plot worked and sheer weight and any comments you'd like to make on that. I don't have a lot to add. I really enjoyed the updated. Honestly being side. It is time where we're sulking in task links. So it is time for applications. I have, I know a few instances, especially irrigated acres, where that would be a wise thing to do. I'm not seeing a lot of disease development most places though, due to the dry weather we've had in the last few weeks. So I think that's kinda where we stand. I do know that some at tassel applications have been made recently. Adult to grow to sweep that had had done a few thanks. Wade, appreciate you joining us this morning providing those those comments and updates. In. Any other questions for for weight or both David's S mauna. Great presentation again. Thank thank you all for our guest speakers this morning. Dr. Langston, Dr. wholesalers, and Thompson for joining us. Just a few comments I'd I'd like to make. First thing you see on your screen there this morning, if you take just a few minutes and follow that link to provide us some feedback and evaluation on, on the program future topics that you may like to see or any feedback you'd like to provide us. We really appreciate that it should take only a minute or two of your time to do that. So we request if you could please do that for us and help us out. And it's also been posted in the chat box or direct hyperlinks, so you can click directly on that in the chat box. So thank you again for all of our specialists that joined us this morning. Thank you for everyone else that join us next week. Our topic on BCA today on July sixth inthe next Thursday morning, we are going to be joined by some folks from ba-da extra Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. We're going to have some updates on some of their programs, some of the pesticide updates, maybe some based on research vacation for applicator and all those sorts of topics. So if it's something that that would be beneficial to you, encourage you to join us and help spread the word on net. Be next Thursday morning. Same link, 09:00 AM here. So once again, just like to thank everybody, appreciate all of your efforts. Just like to thank all the agents that make this possible. Mike brought us Stephanie Rommel check and her summer intern scholar spawn. And then we've got Trent Jones and lower maxi nay, and her summer interns, Shelly Underwood and of course, myself. So thank you, kinda everyone. We appreciate you joining us weekly for these updates and hope everyone stay safe and has a great rest of the week.