Hey, good morning. My name is Sally. I think I know everyone that's here right now today, but as people who view the recording on the row crop entomologist specialist at the tidewater, a rat for Virginia Tech. On the screen now is my email, our blog, which all the specialists at Virginia Tech contribute to in my cell number, please, please, please, if you need to reach me over the summer, use that mobile number. You can call, text, whatever you prefer, but I do not get back to emails and an expedient manner. And that's just a reflection of of spending most of my time outside. So today we're going to talk a little bit about sweeping past. And I'm not going to talk a lot about the things that we saw earlier this year, but it was a slug year for several people in Virginia when I mean by a slug year as the soybean and corn came up, it didn't get off to a good start. It was wet, it was cold, it stayed small and vulnerable for a long time and that's when slugs do their most damage. And you see the slugged feeding on this slide grasping on the corn leaf. They're going after coordinates away. They cause windowpane damaged. Really it's more dramatic and soybeans that they kill that kind of lead and they kill the plant. And the greatest threat as young plan. And really what, what we look at is alive situations demand replanting. There are slug baits, they're meta aldehyde and iron phosphate. They work well. They don't work well in really wet conditions. So it's I guess kind of a catch-22 in a way where flags or problem in wet weather, the control methods we have don't work and what, whether a law, people try cultural practices if you go to full tillage or control them, but obviously that's not a place we want to return to. You can try for planting dates if some people up in the mountains will wait till the soil is warm and it's nice and funny. Bm from the ease that scares me if I gotta get planting date, I'm going to take. So where I want to encourage people to do is just promote, thus plant growth. Even stands high seeding rates, adequate fertilization, everything you should be doing for your crop. We looked at some feeding preference and some people think that you can plant into living or nearly killed cover crop to encourage slugs either feed on the cover or give your younger plant a chance to not be fed on. So we looked at how much slugs feed on sleeping when they have these other cover crops present. So on this slide, if you have a tall bar, it means that the Flavian plant was fed on more. The short bars mean the soybean plant was fed on less. Still only had crimson clover and rye offered the soy bean. The Sleeping was fed on more. When floods or give them oxygen and they Conrad us or Harry batch was sleeping, sleeping with fat on less. And this is just some preliminary stuff. But it does kind of support the idea that there are some plants that are equal or more attractive, which is slugs than our crops. You're best that first-line management other than agronomic practices, is to promote or conserve natural enemies. To ground beetles, granddaddy, long legs, fireflies, rove beetles, all these things will eat a slug. And where we have high numbers of natural enemies, we have low number of slugs on this graph. Total predators collected per field is on the horizontal axis of total slug is on the particle. And as we move towards higher numbers of predators caught, me see lower numbers of flood versus insignificant relationship for meeting on past our early season into what we're doing now to the calls have responded to and Floyd being thus far have largely been defoliation issues. And defoliation can come from a number of insects. It, it doesn't really matter to me when I think about applying a pesticide. What is there? Necessarily eating my leave? I want to know, do I need to control? It? Still wins. Plants are small. It can take up to 30, 40% defoliation and that, that number is good until about two weeks prior to bloom. And then it drops to 15% defoliation and that's its lower point. Now as the plant matures, we'll get up to 50% in R6, R7, you're at maturity, you're waiting for this leads to fall off anyway. I have a picture on the slide has got different levels of defoliation. It's really important when you're estimating defoliation that you pull up the whole planet and you're looking at weaves throughout the canopies. Don't just focus on the top and what you can see so far as insect identification. So once you know that you have this much defoliation or you have a, a concerting amount that's when you get that sweet or that be caught out and say What's eating it. And then what controls what's eating is where a lot of us are right now. And my biggest concern, I've gotten a lot of calls this week and last about cotton without pina, about Sui Bian, about vegetables all being infested with Spiderman. And this timing, your cotton takes up cash the vast majority of my week. And I have not been in a cotton field in the past two weeks where I didn't see you might damage. It's not a concerning level of might damage, but they are there. And what's happening when it's dry. It's all is we host and grass host that we have beside our fields, start dry, drying up and they move into the crop where people can get in trouble with spider mites is either mowing those grasses of those reads that really pisses them off. Forced them into the field. Or you've sprayed some kind of broad-spectrum insecticides, perhaps, necessarily or unnecessarily. And there's nothing, there's no natural control left to keep them in check. So these are just a few pictures of what spider might damage, may look like. It starts at the bottom of the canopy. Female, pick it up first along a dirt path, trails, edges of fields. They're moved into fields by wind, seal see a pattern of how they blew in and how they're spreading. And the plants will take on this model blasted appearance that you see on the right hand side of the screen. And it will be that those bottom leads that are affected first. When we look at spraying and that's an injury threshold, not account threshold. So you want to see how these stippling, we don't want to see it. This is when it warrants treatment is heavy stippling on the lower leads, some progressing into the metal. The mites are present in the middle. You may see some in the upper canopy and there's lower leaves are yelling and falling off. Where we have the economic break point. Is the lower leaf yellowing. It's really apparent leaves are falling off. The middle canopies infested. And you see I'm more in the upper canopy. There aren't a lot of spider mite products conceals the new one. It's trans laminar and it has residual. So if I had to choose and that's available on probably gonna go for steel. Several applications can be warranted for my control. Depending on the quality of the product and the size and taxation. I like the residuals that you get with the zeal. Lords ban is still label of whether or not it's available to you in the stores. I'm not sure. That's a very toxic chemical. Be careful whenever you're working with it. Agra Matt is an Ivermectin. And ivermectin as generic. Most chemical companies will have their own generic version. A lot of times they mix it in house if there's a lot of veggie production nearby. But technically Agra Matt made by Syngenta as only one label and sleeping. And if you look at our ret guides and if you look at labels by thin thread and some high retweets are labeled first spider mites. And I would not do that. So it's not going to clean up the problem. A 100% not going to get the eggs. And what it's gonna do is kill all your natural enemies. So you may walk out there three days after treatment. They, Wow that bifan friend really knocked him back. But then a week later, you're back to where you were or you're worse than where you were. Smoothing on the other cause I've gotten this year unfortunately are about kudzu bug. So this animal is back in higher numbers and 20-20, I have not seen treatable thresholds. This is what it looks like. Honestly, the implant on the left, that's the adult on the right. Those are the nymphs that really funky look in and what they're doing as they appear. Now parts as they're sucking on the south and the juice out of the plants, they will not be Chang Wholesome Wave thresholds. Just as a reminder because we haven't seen threshold bubbles in a long time. You really want to wait until nymphs are present because the influx of adults who continued through August. So right now we're in their second generation and they're migrating in and they'll migrate and from now until about mid late August. So if you can wait till you see that they're actually reproducing them afield. And you'll want to find a nymph per sweep or five bugs per plant to trigger a spray. The good news there, easy to kill. Any pi wreath or it I've tried, worked. University of Georgia has seen better activity at a byte then 3a1 and heavily invested fields. So for right now that's our product of choice. Next week, maybe even this weekend, we'll start seeing our flight numbers for corn earworm increase. We're still pretty flat and the tidewater looking at Northeastern North Carolina is still flat. There have been some mock catches and sorry. So there's some here. The peak right now is south of us. So if you look at the numbers in South Eastern North Carolina, if you look at the numbers in central North Carolina, they're trending up and they're usually here by the last week of July, the past few years. This is when we expect them. I don't have 2019 and here this is just our flight catch data for the tidewater from 2016 to 2018. You see that that the flight really picks up right about where we are on the calendar. Threshold for corn earworm or variable. So depends on how much soybean are selling for proposal. And it depends on how much you're insecticide cost to purchase and apply. And if you want to play with these numbers and, uh, you know these numbers for yourself. There's a tool NC State of Virginia Tech developed that together is called the corn earworm threshold calculator. And if you Google any of those birds with BT or NCSE, you and you will arrive at site. But just as an example, with a higher cost product and $9 beans 1.5 per row flat, or three to four per 15 sweeps. If we're looking at a cheaper insecticide on, at the same price, the beans, it's three-quarters of a worm FERPA, or 1.5 to two per 15 suites. So it really changes depending on the price of the application and the price of soybean spray products. Pyrethroids have worked for us. I've also seen them not work. So keep that in mind. They are less expensive if you're going to use a pyrethroid again, use by fanfare and has got the highest amount of active ingredient. But be prepared scout after it. Just in case you've run into a resistant population. Frowned upon and besiege are good, they give residual. The difference between the two is besieged. Care has a pyrethroids If you have steam bugs or kudzu binds, there's some other kind of bug and then you want to kill. It's got an add, an added active. I'm on top of worms. The next four are all warm products. Black caught, intrepid, edge, steward and radiant are all excellent choices. But all they're going to target as worms made it into the seasons as we get into August and September, you're guaranteed to see soybean lepers in your fields at some level. They're really only a problem when they come in early enough that where you still need that foliage on the plant. So you're still trying to make her crop and they're eating. So again, look at this defoliation thresholds before making a spray decision. And like other caterpillars, looks a lot like a green clever worm, it'll start feeding at the bottom of the plant. May not become apparent you have on a problem until you have a big problem. It's resistant to pyrethroids. In answer is it's a dime eyes. It's resistant to certain CRY proteins that we find in BT crops. That gives us an indication because we don't have bt soybeans in Virginia or North America. These animals are flying or migrating quite a ways to get to us. And it's not really our insecticide selection that's driving this resistance. It's everything that's happening south of us. Thresholds, blame and POD set 15% defoliation, R6. And after 40 to 50, there's no number. Threshold number for these greater than five worms, Perfetti and sweeps is suggested. But I think you'll always find that if you go out the end of August, I almost would think 15 to 20 worms and I wanted to see large ones before I pull that trigger. Because these populations can get big and they can get out-of-control fast. But they are susceptible to a lot of parasitoids, to a lot of natural enemy predation on it. You don't want to pull the trigger to click on these guys. Again, just the beliefs. And if you google this, there are a lot of examples that you can use and share with your producers. The spray products have Yvon and procedure both labeled. I don't recommend them because of the levels of deionized resistance we've encountered. The worms specific products are the products that were Blackhawk and trap it adds steward and radiant and trap it edge. But really all of them look this book comparable. I'd be happy spring as products. These are just some spray results number larva On the vertical by the pat on that you see on the bottom. So the taller bar means that you're leaving more worms at the feel. The blue is an earlier date. The orange is as a later sampling date. And I put this up here, not to really illustrate that steward works. But if you look at untreated versus Proudhon, there's 0 difference. So let's say you put out proud add-on at 14 ounces like we did here. Well, you just wasted $14 per acre plus the cost of application. You didn't do a good identification and you did not realize this or soybean labors. And you put a pyrethroid, hero and brigade or both pyrethroids, your numbers went from ten per 15 sweeps to 25. C really do not want to put the wrong product out for slave labor. We should anticipate now stink bugs coming in and of August. That's typical for Virginia with the managing them a long time. Thresholds, half bug per foot on c, 1.5 or grain. You can use a sweet not done 2.5 per 15 suites for C, double that to five per grain. You I'd I've not really swept in Virginia, so they'd be unfilled without getting two or three in August. So keep in mind that they're there on some level, but they're not actionable until they get to higher numbers. And if you look in a sweep net picture is the, uh, brown, Agree, and probably another Brown flip on that. There's a green clover worm there. Three or four small corn earworms. There's one large, small, or one large corn earworm. There's some aphids. So when you sleep and sleeping, you may be dealing with more than one pest complex at one time. Thresholds. One of the things that they can cause and soybeans is a delayed maturities. He could wonder why you still have brainstem and why you still have green foliage on the plant that's not going anywhere. What it's responding to you is feeding earlier and had five cycles of feeding an R4, R5. So it's not the bugs that are still there, bugs that were there during those reproductive stages. It can still occur at R6, but it requires a lot of bugs to more than four per row. Flood aims Herbert, DR. herbert, How to student several years ago that demonstrated the damage can occur as late as R7 from stink bugs. But that population has gotta be huge. So eight or more poor roof. And when you're counting these bugs, count all of the adults as one. Count large nims is one. The count. Nims still on, like the egg mass as one, don't count them individually. This is just a picture. There's maturity delays. Spray wise. You have several options, or Athena has always worked well for us on all species extinct bugs per gate is a bifan term product. It works well on Voyager two is shown good activity. Most of the periods rates have Shang got activity. I would use them at the highest labelled weight. And that's for a couple of reasons. If you go out at the lowest labeled great, that still high enough to kill your beneficial. It does not take a lot of high rate right? To kill a predator or parasitoid. To don't think you're conserving anything by using a light rate of a pyrethroid. The other concern as Brown stink bugs, are getting a lot of exposure. There'll be sprayed typically. And we, when people use that, that application to target SIR, leaf beetle, Brown stink bugs are there. They're getting sprayed Now. Once in corn, browsing bugs through there. And then by the time they get to slay being there really the survivors of the survivors, pyrethroids To be careful. But we do see good activity, usually by fanfare at the highest, the way it works fine. Belay is not apart of choice for me, it's a neonicotinoids and also has, I think it may have a Paris or it may just accesses a near neck. I think it will look okay, but they'll come back query fast. I just wouldn't use that product. The recommendations were stink bugs. Use your best judgment when you're deciding when you want to terminate sprays and soybeans. Uneasy about that time in the season. Yaw, I'm just ready to put the sprayer away. I think a lot of our producers are to you, say use user straight, use caution, use good judgment when we're making these later season season applications. In pyrethroid and or theme or a stink bug. The problem late season and soybean, as you could have, an overlap of sleeping reapers and stink bugs. Both variable levels are not. In this slide, just illustrates how different products work on this complex together. So the blue lines are sweepingly burrs, the green lines are stink bugs. The darker colors are our earlier, so three days after treatment, the lighter colors are seven days after treatment and wet. The slider illustrates this is things like bifan friend asked the fade. You cleaned up our stink bugs to the short bars mean the product was working great. But if you look at what they did to sweepingly purse, they drove the numbers. Similarly, things like steward and trap, it adds prev upon actually pretty good at the seven day Anna's task. Black Hawk did well. On fleetingly birds, they did not do so good on stink bugs. To besiege. Here is at one combo product. I've seen it do okay. On fluid being weavers, I've seen I do nothing at all. So that one is also kind of a shot in the dark. Another slide, same story to what works. First, sweepingly birds does not work for stink bugs and vice versa. If you have an overlapping pests complex, you're in a situation where you need to decide what is more important, what is likely damaging your crop? What are you most concerned about? And if the answer is both, you may end up having to tank mix or make multiple sprays. The new product works well for stink bug and late season Worms. Make your decisions based on scouting until conditions. Again, if you're not subscribed to the blog, please do. If you're concerned about the corn earworm fly, Dr. Sean alone with my program, does a wonderful job of having that information out to you every Friday. He posts that it'll be in your inbox Friday morning if you subscribe. And you see that Subscribe box and tn at the bottom right. I have what's called a sleeping she she and I apologize, I think I made this Ursula or with Josh Holland last year, maybe both of them. How? And maybe some more of you help and I don't remember, blame it on my two toddlers or 20-20. But we have this. If you want to send it to you, you can print front and back and keep it in the truck. We have some laminated cards, but it gives you the insect, the thresh hold. Some thought points, critical stages than consideration. And then the sleigh being labeled products have Spider-Man from here. I do not have kudzu bugs. What will kill a stink bug will kill a kudzu bug. None of these products, fucose spider mite said you're running into unique situations. Again, give me a call. And that's it. There's no phone number, there's my email. I do respond to emails, usually within two or three days, Apple's latest. But if you need a reply right away, and a lot of people do when they have insect problems in their field. Color text me at that 919 number. I apologize. It's 99 on the Virginia Tech longer biases phones. Robbie, Is there anybody have any questions, comments, or concerns, or you want to share what you've seen this year so far. A sally, thanks for joining us this morning. We appreciate you given news updates. I'm, I know, at least for me, I would like to get some of those chords or those resources you were showing us with that table. I think that'd be really helpful for producers to have those normal dashboard of the truck, that type of stuff, stuff. If you send me that electronically, I'd be glad to get some of those printed in and distribute them out to growers. Here. Are there any questions from anybody in any of the other agents on the coldest, more nano, Trent, Stephanie, Laura, anything, questions or comments? You have? Great presentation, Sally, I think you did a great job covering everything. It's Trent, I think circling back to the beginning, why didn't say about those natural enemies? So we looked at a lot of things that you could do to mitigate or prevent slug injury in your fields. And we looked at tillage regimes, we like to cover crops. We looked at herbicide burndown, timing, soil type, soil moisture surrounding geography and crop rotation. I mean, I think there are more, there were probably about 20 variables that we put into this model because we scouted over 6 thousand acres for this project. The only thing that affected flag injury was spraying and insecticide with your burned down. So if you put an insecticide out with your burndown, you had more bugs in greater injury. That really encouraged producers at the beginning of the year when they're applying their herbicides at plant, our prior to plant. This, they argued, or you throw in something in there for insects. Because a lot of them had been sold on the idea of insurance. And, and in reality, it's hurting them. Sally-anne, I know you touched on the defoliate a complex and showed us some of those graphics with the different percentage of the foliation at all. Question that I've had in the past. I hadn't received any calls this year, but I have and a past typically when it when it tends to get dry like this, you always hear somebody asking about grasshoppers coming in, especially when it's really try and do on a lot of defoliation. Any comments so or experienced with that as far as maybe what you would recommend just monitoring that as as a typical defoliate or with those thresholds that you presented. And yes, I have seen peel in Virginia, not this year, but in previous years that warranted a spray for grasshoppers. And it really surprised me. The producer ended up going out with or theme. We watched her lawsuit from the road in my truck and it was like a plague of locusts just running from the sprayer. It was awesome. But if you put out or theme and you have spider mites around, they're gonna go crazy. Because not only have you destroyed their enemies or thing has something in it that makes spider might want to do it more. Like an aphrodisiac for spider mite. It's one of the few examples that formula, like I said, that we have that that's an actual term that people say used to describe it. The response to the chemical. What works for grasshoppers and may surprise you is private ON, says we're heading into the worm fly. If you've got some worms in the field, it may be at or close to displayable level. You could put prep pad upon out and it will get the grasshoppers and the arms. And the nice thing about AWS is you have about a two to three week residuals at 14 ounce re two-week residual EPA 20 ounce, closer to three weeks. But be careful that I don't want us to overuse the product. We really don't have a lot left in some crops for corn, earworm, soy beam, we have a lot of good options. We have entrepot edge, we have radiant, we have Blackhawk. We don't have the same options and cotton. So I like to save the dynamite for cotton. But I know that's really hard to tell us Lady and producer who lives in a non cotton region, right? But I mean, and putting any insecticide you don't need. So that avoiders. I've seen this year, I've not been grasshoppers. I've been to one spray able Japanese beetle field. And I've been to one spray able level green clover worm. Both of them shocked me. We just don't get that much of those insects. We haven't always, always, always and sleeping. They're usually not an acceptable level. And this here for whatever reason in his field, say we're seven people call me and they say they have something crazy. I'm I'm not going to say no or no. I'm like, okay, I'm gonna hop and talking to us yet. I'm sure that you have the similar experiences that they're clients. I hope we get rain and wind stopped talking about Spider-Man. But if we don't be, be prepared a lot and be prepared for those calls because they're common. I will. Thank Sally. We appreciate you joining us this morning. Excellent presentation. We we thank you for all of that. And we'll be glad to share that with the producers with this recording and also the audio version of this. So thank you again for taking the time to join us this morning with that update. Any age my mommy emigrate leak. You can now. Yeah. Alright, thank you Sally, I'd also like to thank the group that makes this f are possible, that our group of agents and in turns, Stephanie Rommel, chick and westmoreland and her summer intern, scholar Swan lower maxi Ne in Hanover and her summer intern, Shelly Underwood, trent, Jenna's North humble and in Lancaster counties and of course, my broader St. Carolina, King George County, and myself Bravais longest in Essex County. So thank you again for joining us this morning. Thank you again. Will be back next Thursday morning with another edition of VCA today. Also, if you have visited our program before, please take a few moments to fill out the brief survey for the program. You can find that link on your screen now as well as with the recordings that are posted. So thank you again and hope everyone has a great rest of the week and continues to hopefully have a good crop season, although we hope we can continue to get some much needed rainfall. So thanks again and hope everyone stays well.