And today we were fortunate to be joined by Dr. Michael Flexner extension. We specialist. Michael is going to be given some updates this morning on weed management. Early season we manage man talking about some other things both in row crop systems and in pasture and hay land systems. So I just like to thank everybody again for being here this morning and we'll go ahead and turn it over to Dr. Fresno. Michael, thank you for joining us more than everybody. >> Thank you. Share my screen here for people to join us by video. But mostly it's just kinda pictures and stuff that you don't really need to hopefully get some value out of this this morning, but Well, yes, I wanted to start with burned down. I know a lot of us are probably through with our burned down or herbicides program, but I still get a lot of questions. Is time a year on, on things that didn't quite die? Or if if we're a little late getting out there because we're busy doing something else, which, you know, it's busy town a year. That's that's pretty understandable. But that the number one question is always on whore sweeter or mayors tail. And the reason really, I think is because this is a way that is resistant to glyphosate or around our products as well as our group to herbicides, the, the ALS herbicides. And so with that widespread resistance across the field, sometimes we miss it or sometimes we just don't get to it in time. But so, so we do have some options we need to include in there. In addition to the glyphosate is going to be probably going to be in there to clean up everything else in the field. Pair is one that's not as effective even at the rose that stage for war Sweden. So we've got some options. We can, we can add to kind of our base burned down herbicides, whether that's glyphosate or a pair quiet, you know, pretty familiar options are 240 and I camber elev or, and sharpen. I've been on the market here a couple, three years now and are all pretty effective. And so between 240 dot Canada, olive, or in sharpen, they're all pretty much equally effective when you apply them to rows that stage horse. We'd now kinda start losing effectiveness. When, when whore sweethearts bolting, which is what's, what's in the picture there. I think more often than not, this is what happens in this picture. And so you can imagine a horse that's, you know, eight or ten inches tall and it looks like it got smoked in his old brown and dead from from the Burndown herbicide a couple weeks later, that the top or maybe some of the lateral buds start growing out because that stemmed in completely quiet, quiet data that that probably is more often what happens with our horse weight if we miss it. So timely application is really key once toward sweethearts, bolting control gets tougher and we're going to have to spend, spend more money. We gotta put out more herbicide on it, whether that's two passes that completely kill it, or whether that's increasing or to 40, right from a point to a court or die, Kant would go up to a half pound there, which would be clarity at, at a pint or Eugene, yet 12.8 fluid ounces or extend. Umax Fluid out. So and then we when you start increasing, the rates of those plant back restrictions also start increasing. So it really is important to get on this weight timely. So if you haven't had had a chance to get out and burned down a field yet. Sooner the better because this stuff is stuffs jumping up. So kinda move off, off that point here and on to the next saying just make sure we're starting out clean. You know, one thing is if we burn down our land early, we get to plant corn or something else, and then we kinda come back to the soybean land. Sometimes they've got some, some new emergence coming up through there. And I would, I would encourage you to think about, you know, you've got an opportunity there to spray something like para quad to clean that up before the crop comes up. And I know that's another expense, but with our herbicide resistant weeds, that becomes particularly important, right? Start, start clean is a rule for our season for a reason. So something like palmer Amaranth are common ragweed. If those are up at the time of soybean planting, it's really good opportunity to go ahead and take out what's there or something like like pair quad. So I would I would strongly urge you to to think about doing that because Palmer's is one that we we can't play catch up with that. We'd If we get behind on it, it's just we're not gonna be able to catch up. They need to start out clean. So moving into maybe some soybean discussion here, I'm still gets the question, none of our corn herbicides are pretty much already out. Good questions kinda on what is, what is the best preen do on ETUs or residual herbicide or pre-emergent herbicides or soy beans. Yeah, I think we just gotta make sure we're putting our self in a position for success. And for me, in any craft that's going to be using residual herbicide, it's pretty easy to see the effectiveness of that when you use one versus when you don't. Certainly sometimes we could still come back and clean it up, emergence pass. But when we have to do that, we were asking more out of that post-merger herbicide, right, where you have to kill more weeds and likely bigger weeds. And if we had had we used a priori. And so it may make that herbicide will either less effective or we might have to add, add more into that, that tank mixture, which which could increase our costs. So I'll just sales start cleaning and user residual herbicide. And then so the question is which, which one to use? And that's always a tough question for me to answer. I think the best thing to do is, is to know what we have in our field and then select the herbicide. According to those weeds. There's a lot of good products for a lot of different weeds, but certainly each product is going to have its own strengths and weakness. So I would say just consult our, our pest management God here. When that passenger god, we have a lot of tables to help you select not only a pre-emergent herbicides, but burned down herbicide or post-merger herbicides. So this is actually the real thick relative the February, this table of soil applied or pre-emergent corn herbicides. But all these tables are pretty much laid out the same, where you have different weed species going across the top and then you have different herbicide products coming down the side. And then you can see various effectiveness ratings out there. So nine plus being Very good grading down to end for either no activity or just not commercially acceptable activity. So and so you've got those for various categories, which would be grasses and broadly used and a lot of different, different products out there. So for me in soybeans thing, wouldn't wanna think about the best products. It's either going to be something that has sulfate your zone or flume Eox is and those are kinda the bases so that so Fletcher zone being in the authority of products, flume Eox is in being and valor Sxx by itself or invite five or several other pre-mixed products. Beyond that, I would say look for ones with with multiple herbicide group numbers on them. Generally, when you have more group numbers, you're going to have a broader spectrum of control. But again, these tables are really the best way to try to figure that out. Yes. So in soybeans, I would say are our two biggest driver weeds are common ragweed, palmer Amaranth, and those are also the ones that we have really the, in addition to or sweeter mayor shallow we talked about earlier, widespread resistance to resistance to glyphosate and our group to ALS, herbicides. And so we have these, these two extension publications out there that talk about management of those. And they're really two different weeds. When you think about the biology of palmer Amaranth vein, a lot, a little seeds that come up basically once it gets hot to the rest of the season vs ragweed being a big flush of germination that's kinda ending in the next couple of weeks. Alright? And so management of those two weeds is, is kinda different. So talking about ragweed specifically, I think really liberty link is our herbicide technology of choice. So whether that's a liberty link, gt 27 or liberty like being liberties is very effective on common ragweed. And so it's, it's one that I think we need to use more of in that system. Are pre-emergent. Herbicides are generally kind of less effective on ragweed than, than palmer Amaranth. It's a bigger seed on it. And like I said it speaker flush earlier. And so it's just a little bit more difficult to control with our pre-emergent herbicides. But for messy thing, which is reflex, but it's also in several pre-packaged herbicides is really the most effective pre forward for common ragweed. And so in a liberty link system, we've got the opportunity to use the for MSF in pre-emergent herbicides. And liberty link as, as opposed, alright, Liberty as opposed to measure herbicide. I think that's a pretty good option. But for Palmer, since we can only put out from S once every other year legally in Virginia. I'd rather keep that as a sum like a flexed RGT option for post-emergency Palmer. So There are two different weeds and they require two different strategies. But for common ragweed, really messed up front, followed by liberty, I think is going to be our best herbicide program. And then besides that, it's just just targeting when we can plant. So ragweed having that big fleshy germination, if we can double crop behind wheat and we come after the wheel brought a lot of competition. During that emergence phase. We harvest the wheat, we can put out a, a burned down at that time. And there's really no common ragweed. It's going to become an up the rest of the year. And so we can really kind of avoid common ragweed and a double crops soybean rotation. So that's, that's a good strategy there too. Capitalize on the biology of common or aggregate. So more information is, is in both of those pubs. And you see the, the links on your screen and we'll post those on the various Facebook and such platforms. So alright, I'm going to come a lot of ground here this morning, so I'm going to jump into corn here. I know we've had this frost over the weekend, and I really sincerely hope that, you know, your corn made it through that. And if a guy, if it looks like what's on the pictures, a picture from from Mike here, my rotis. But if it looked like that, that we got some green poking up through the top or will by the end of the week here, because nobody wants to see a failed corn stand. But we're really at a time a year, we're really replanting isn't, isn't an option. So because to, to clean up a failed corn stand, you know, you're not going to, the frost probably didn't kill everything that's out there. So first we have to kill the corn there before we can replant. So what are the options to kill the corn there? If that's what we want to do, that the best thing is really select or a clef, a dim product. So select Max is a one pound per gallon product. So the rate on that would be six ounces plus non-ionic surfactant and ammonium sulfate. And I would also sorry, and six ounces of Fleck max with non-ionic surfactant and ammonium sulphate. It kinda 2.5 to four pounds per acre. And after you apply that, you really need you have to wait six days to replant. This isn't a residue issue. It's the herbicide is in the soil and can be taken up by a germinating corn seed and it will kill that. So you've gotta wait those six days replant. And so when you think about, we also need some green foliage to put that, that selector closet and product onto, Right? So we've gotta wait till we get some green that comes up out of there. So we have some material, some plant material, the herbicides your home. And so you're thinking like ours or spraying early, early next week probably. Then you gotta wait six days. And then also on your plate and corn in, in June. And that's just probably not going to work. So there's a couple options. If you wanted to get in the field faster and not have to wait those six days. Para, quiet, three to 4.5 pounds per acre plus a group five herbicide would be one. So either metro abusing or atrazine. And what the, the group five herbicide does, it's, doesn't really increase the control of the corn, but it slows the activity of the pair quad down to give us a more consistent control. If that makes sense. So putting in metric used in at four to six ounces or, or atrazine at a one core afford pound per gallon product would be the edition to the pair. Co-author needs to happen there. But be careful on the atrazine that we don't exceed our maximum season use rate, which is 2.5 pounds. So that's that's one option he could plant then the same day as you spray in that scenario. Another option would be tillage or no till systems. That's brings us a lot of benefit. But tillage is one way to get rid of the corn stand. You can come right in and plant quicker there. So one question that sometimes comes up in this discussion is Liberty. A lot of corn hybrids have liberty tolerance in them. And liberty just hasn't been a consistent, even without that, liberty hasn't been very consistent. Option force there. So it's really tillage or the parrot go out. If you need something fast, pair quotes, not as good as the Select, but then you have to wait. Okay, sticking with the corn here, on this time a year, we've had some decent conditions for some, some cold combined with this herbicide potential for herbicide injury. And so usually what I see is you get that bug, you what thing type injury. So the leaf tip kinda gets stuck in the world as it grows. And so you get that shape. The corn turns into the shape of a, of a buggy with they're generally that's from a group 15 herbicide. Although if you sprayed to 40 right, right at the planter or too close to planting. It could be 240 type scenario as well. The other common injury I usually see would be bleaching symptoms from our group 27 herbicides, so stow or latis, corpus and several others in that group and and that'll just sort of be sort of a yellow to white spot on the leaf. They're really, you know, again, as far as replanting, it almost never makes economic sense when we have these kind of, you don't want to see injury on the corn certainly, or any, any crop from the herbicides. But it really doesn't ever make sense to, to start over and replant is when you do the economics there, the remedy for that is really warm, sunny days. And I think the good news is we've got those in our forecasts. If you have some injury out there, should the warm sunny days, I'll get it, get that corn going in and it should come right out of that injury. Alright, kind of switching gears over to, to forges here on your fall on the computer. I've got a picture of some butter cups in a pasture here as time eight years when I usually get the butter clubs and the mustard. Questions are, are Raf and up towards the end of that anyway. And so she got too much of yellow flowers out there. It's almost certainly either mustard or Buttercup species. The bad news is when you see that c of yellow out there, it's really too late to do anything that makes economical sense at this point. Are herbicides just aren't as effective as those. As those weeds go into the, the flowering reproductive growth stages. So the best thing we can do from that right now is just to make a note on the calendar because if you've got a sea of yellow there, it's probably going to be back next year. These are annual weeds and they gotta come back from seed. But my experience is, is that's pretty reliable thing that happens out there. So for the butter cups or the mustards, there's really two application timing actually to me is more important than that. What we're applying. It's it's sort of like what we talked at the beginning with horse weed. Yeah, there's a lot of products that are very effective when we apply it to young small horror, sweet. Same thing with mustards and the buttercup species. But as things get big than, than certain products, kinda, kinda shake out and Loser effectiveness. So for, for musters and butter cups to 40 at two to three, or really for mustards that you've already at. Two to three pints is pretty effective for Buttercup Huck, a weed Master Product 240 plus di gamba, crossbow, graze on next or now dura core, all pretty good options. The timing on those would be either in the fall, kinda about Halloween, or maybe the first couple weeks of November. So we still warm enough temperatures to where plants are growing and herbicides can work. And so for me somewhere 55 degrees, 57 degrees is about as low as you want to get for when you're applying a herbicide and you really want to avoid frost for two or three days on either side of that day that you apply so that we usually still have some of those warm periods in in the fall and we could take advantage that to to clean things up. And generally, I think were less busy around the farm that time a year. Still, if you're doing row crops, might still be doing some harvesting that time of year. But compared to maybe the spring, it's a little bit less hectic and a better opportunity for whether that's good for, for sprain and good for plant growth. But there's the fall timing around Halloween or there's the spring timing. And that's basically usually will get a period in late February or early March or get a week of nice Spring weather and feel like we're finally coming out of winter. And that's, that would be a good time as well to apply for these For Butter Cups or for, for mustards. But we start moving into April and certainly in May, when it's really just doesn't make sense to start to be applying at that time. I think the other thing for forges would be if you go and looked in four, I could graze on next chord, productivity. You familiar with that? You might be end up buying dura core because Cortes is moving from away from graze on next into two dura core. And I think by and large those products are, are nearly identical for almost all the weeds that were going to be targeting. There's there's a few exceptions there, but the differences graze on. Next is it has two active ingredients to 40 and amino pyramid. Dura core also has two ingredients, but you lose the 240 and you put in for paradox if and Denzel. And so you end up getting mean apparel it in both of those. And so they end up having very similar weed control spectrums with Derek or getting a little bit Two or three more weeds than graze on. Next, which would be like a wild carrot. Or the plantations is a little bit or reliable control. So if your specific Co-op has a lot of grays are next on hand. They're probably going to tell you that to get to to move it out. And they didn't have a lot on hand and they're going to be bringing in Zurich or so again, I think it for the end user, there's differences in rates there and of course the name of the product. But the weed control that you can expect from this can be very similar. I think the last point I would make here before we open up for questions is just its movement into a really good time to apply for summer annual weeds that cannot afford systems, May and June. And I'll put up a table from our pest management guide on, on when is the optimal time to apply for certain weeds and for our pigweed and Rag weeds and another annual weeds made juniors a really good time to apply. In our passion for systems, we can get good control out of those at this time. And sometimes we can get a use it, use a cheaper product this time year and get the same level control. Whereas if we wait to Louise get bigger, certainly if they're flowering, it gets tougher to control. In addition to that, it really maximizes our return on our investment, right? For spraying in August and September, we might reduce the amount of seeds produced by those, those annual weeds. But, but, but those weeds were there in the field. They competed with our our base forage system all year long. So they've lost that yield animals, it probably had been avoiding those spots because they don't want to graze around those spots with the weeds there. And so we're losing some utilization of the forage as well. So really, if if we have summer annual weeds, Kochab, there would be another one that comes to mind. Now is a good time to apply and you can into June versus waiting. We just we just maximize that return on our investment. So I think that's everything I wanted to cover as far as updates maybe went a little bit too long, but hopefully that was good information from OSU during. Happy to open up for questions now. >> Thank thank you, Dr. plasma. >> We appreciate all your comments this moment. And that was a great presentation, a lot of really good information that everything that you talked about hopefully will help somebody in some way that's on the call this morning. So thank you for that. We got one question in the chat box as of right now. And the question is, will ACC ACE inhibitors such as accent or fusel aid work with burning back sit corn? >> Oh yes, that's a good question. And an accent would be a group to herbicide and is labeled in corners, so that's not going to work. But the fusel aid and the others, then they're going to hurt the corn. But they're generally not as effective as, as cliff at him is an cloth attending one of the more economical options within that ACCA or group one group, I would go with that and have some sometimes you have some of that on hand. And so We could talk about the specific efficacy of official aid here, fee if you want to give me a call or shoot me an email. But but but our generally they're not as effective as as Clifford in. So that's that's kinda while outlined what what I did in the presentation. >> Right. I've got one question, Dr. flares that are seen more in the chat box at this time. But I speak from experience with this and maybe some of the other agents on the call this morning can can agree or disagree as to whether they get this question a lot. But I think one of the questions that I get very frequently, as you know, I've got clo grandma pasture, but I've also got bought a Cubs and all these other species. You know, what can I do too to help with that? And, and I just got a news letter the other day from quartet, Yvonne. It sounds like the Navy guys, I've learned that's going to address that problem. If you have any anything you can share on that or the topic in general without anything on that. >> Sure. It is probably the ADA. It's always the kind of push and pull of forage weed management is at this time, we, we really don't have a product that provides meaningful weed control that's also safe to clover. That I think the closest thing would be to for d at a low rate or to 40 applied in the fall seems to be a little bit, in my experience, a little bit safer to clover. You put out to 40.5 pound, you're generally, you're going to get clover injury, but it generally will survive. But aren't wage controls fairly marginal at that time? So if you're, you gotta be spot on with the time timeliness to to make that work and get real small weeds. I do want to mention that the quartet products since you brought it up, but I guess a couple other points come to mind. Two is I'll just make sure that that the the amount of clover you have and that pasture you're being reasonable with? I've seen some very weedy pastures that I'm absolutely certain right? Decision would be to spray herbicide. But the farmer doesn't want to because they want to keep the, a little bit, a clover that's there. And and so that's, that's their decisions, their investment. But if it's just a little bit a clover, it's probably not bringing much to the composition of that forage. So I think we gotta be real with ourselves about how much clovers there. And is that really that valuable or not? The other thing I would say is that if we put out like a webmaster or to 4D at two or three pints, a pine, sorry, a pound or 240 or more. Yeah, we're probably going to hit that Clover pretty hard, but it's going to come back and in six or six or seven months. And so it doesn't take quite as long, I think is clever to rebound as we think it would. If you have a good clover stand in that pasture, there's going to be a lot of seed and that seed bank. And so it will come back a lot of times without the need for, for receding. But you mentioned so Quartet has has announced a pro clover, which is a herbicide that is going to be, I don't want to call it safe, but it will preserve white clover in in a stand. Not so much red clover, but so that product is still in development. It has not been registered by the EPA yet, but they're on track for having a registered product and hopefully to us by next season. So it should go it's supposed to go through the EPA fourth quarter this year, and then state registrations will follow that, which are usually only take one or two months and in Virginia for that to happen. So so that's that's going to be safe to white clover, say preserve white clover. So what you owe, and we've been testing that in our field trials. And so what that looks like is it kind of lays over for four weeks, sometimes to just three weeks and then that kind of stands back up and keeps grown and flowering. And so kind of about five to certainly six weeks after application. It looks exactly like the non-treated check. Like you didn't spare anything. It's flour and clovers, happy. So I think I could really has potential to be a game changing herbicide force in the forward market, but it's not out there yet. So I want to make sure we don't confuse Derek or new, also new product from quartet is available right now. That is not safe to clover. It will kill your Clifford. So but next year, hopefully we'll have pro club on the market and that will really bring some options for that really common problem of, you know, what can I use to, to kill weeds and in a pasture hey, field and keep clover. >> So yeah. >> Thank you. Dr. facade. Just I get that question a lot myself and I know it's kind of a pretty common thing. People have had that problem. So thanks for your comments on that really great information. We got one more question in the chat box here this morning says, How early can you brief robotic up and Islam Iran a good choice and also with plain plantae control? >> Yes. So Buttercup, again, you could you can spray and a fall around Halloween or if it stays warm all the way up to Thanksgiving or there's, you know, the early springtime application. And really in the spring, the earlier, the better provided again, you've got that warm weather. So like I said to D5, D7 is kind of the minimum and you really want to avoid applications will have a frost two or three days on, on either side of that. But ideally, the warmer, the better it's going to work better and faster there. So, but I would rather sprayed Buttercup early than, than wait till it's flowering. And later we're going to get a lot better control of it at, at that time. As far as the plan attain species go, we write that as nine, sorry, plantation species with software on which would be similar on product or others that are out there. We write that nine out of ten in the pest management. God. So I think that would be a good choice. But one thing to keep in mind with simmer on unmet sulphur containing products is that they can set the fescue back a little bit. And so depending in the springtime, when it looks like it's almost like losing like the whole first hey, cutting. I've seen that be that bad. Depending on the right. You put out in the time you put out, it gets a little safer if you apply kinda late summer when the Fest, use in that summer slump and not really grown as much, we don't see as much injury at that time. But, but similar on, I think it's really effective and pretty economical choice, which you gotta be willing to put up with a little bit of fescue injury there. But in the springtime, you know, some fescue, sometimes we got more than we need to write. So maybe that could be used to our advantage there. >> I had another question in the chat box from someone. >> It says what is best for Burke, cucumber and corn. >> Yeah. I don't know if we have a best option per bird, cucumber and corn. I think there's several sort of strategies that would try to get good virtue come or control. And I see it's from Scott, just in some, I'm assuming this is silage corn here, but one is to put out our atrazine as late as we can and as much as we can. So we can, we can put out two pounds of atrazine in one application. That's a maximum single application, right? And we can put that over top 12 inch corn. So trying to put that out later. So there'd be Atrazine's. They're kind of later in the season when that Buttercup starts to come out and climb up the corn stock. That's, that's one thing. Another thing is to try to find I short of a corn, a shorter day corn silage hybrid is we can write so that it gets to maturity quicker and we can ideally in all things work out getting harvested Flickr and less time for that bird cucumber to, to wrap every everything up. And I would say width that atrazine including around up. Or maybe you want to camera, I wanted to say TNI cameras like die flats or sadness, but also don't kill what's what's up at that time of that plus tumors application. But yeah, that's that's that's a really tough one to, to control there. And showing some of it may be just be having more realistic expectations of just we're probably going to have some cucumber come do that silence chopper. And that's a real tough where we don't have a great answer too. >> Unfortunately, I see a comment there from Doug horn, aging out Rock County. I saw a lot of tall fescue injury from mitts off. You're off from an April application this year as soon it was from the cold cold weather in slow growth. In any comments on that? >> Yeah. And that's again, that's an mess up you're on is it's by itself as it has met software Ombudsman simmer on would be probably the product that most people are familiar with in our pastures. And it's also in shop around as well if you produce chapped morale. But, but yeah. Mm-hm. Itself drawn will injure fescue. And to me that that spring timing is when we probably see the most injury from from that talk around containing products. And so yeah, I don't know Doug, if if it was the cold weather, cool weather in slow growth or that's just sort of, but we always kind of have an springtime. That's why we seem orange rate at that time. A year It's also, you know, fescue is gonna put out at seed head or started a torque toward getting a seed head out that time of year. And so maybe it's got to do with the growth stage as well. But I think regardless, that is that's when we see the most injury from it. And so if you're in a fescue hay field, that's something you want to think about it because you're really probably going to have either a greatly reduced or almost no first. Hey, cutting sometimes is the risky run there, so but pretty economical and pretty effective product for weed control. Same time. >> So I sc we got one more question there. Might brought us. He said asking about bringing opposed to merge your recommendations for red tail fescue and feel cool? Yeah. >> That's some you know, off the top of my head that there has been some work done on that and I can't remember what the recommendation is. And so my God, I can follow-up with you, but I don't I don't want to shoot from the hip here and and and put something out there. That's not the right recommendation. So I know there's been some work and there is an answer on that. And it's it's and it's one that the Roundup doesn't do a good job on, which is why we have the problem with it. So let me let me follow up with Mike. I'm with you on that one. >> Okay. We're just, we're seeing a lot more and more of it here, and Caroline and King George. >> And if you really ought to enroll, Yeah, and I know it's a harder one to control it. Do you think it's spreading because of, you know, we're still just rely on around up and and it gets missed. And so I just moves a little bit further every year. >> Yes, sir. >> Glad MapReduces still utilizing over utilizing round wound up, you know, and I think most people would use liberty, liberty link, but it's a little bit more expensive. >> I think they're just trying to rad the Roundup. >> Wait as long as they can while they can. >> Sure. And one thing that kill in the rat tail fescue 40 plant corn liberties, one that we really need warm, sunny days for it to be effective. And so if you burn it down, you know, maybe this time a year 4v had warmed up like it usually does about this time of year. That delivers a good option once it gets hot, sunny. But, you know, when you're looking at Liberty and in April I had a corn or maybe late March when it's not generally high than liberty, it's going to be less effective and it's been a little bit more expensive, it's hard to recommend that in the burned down home. >> All right. >> Well, thank you, Mike. >> I appreciate you joining us this morning. Thank you for all the updates. Really great information. And I guess if anybody's on, on the recording with us this morning with us lab. If you have any WE science related questions, just just contact your local extension agent and it will be glad to help you with that and work with Dr. pleasant or get you an answer and a recommendation for whatever you're dealing with. Thank you again, Dr. pleasant, for joining us this morning and taking the time to give us this really great presentation in update. >> We really appreciate your time and efforts with that. >> Thank you again to everybody else to join us this morning and also would like take the opportunity to thank my colleague gauge instead. That helped make this possible. Mike broadest and Caroline and King George County, Stephanie Rommel, check and westmoreland, lower maxi nay, and Hanover, and Trent Jones and North dominant Lancaster County. So just thanks to everyone for all your efforts in making this possible. We really appreciate everything that everyone does. An announcement for next Thursday morning, Thursday, May 20, burst at nine AM. We'll be joined by Dr. Alix White from Virginia Tech within the ag econ department. He's kinda be given us a presentational on business management. So if that's of interest to you and your operation, you know, please feel free to join us next week. That's going to be our topic of discussion that at 09:00 AM next Thursday, May 21st. >> So we look forward to that presentation. So thank you all again for joining us. >> Thank you, Dr. pleasant for taking the time to give us these great update says more than and we hope everyone stay safe as safe and will and we hope to see everyone again next Thursday morning. >> Take A7