[00:00:00]
>> On the small grain side at this point. We are pretty well wide diversity I was in the Shenandoah Valley. A sea let late last week for our trials up there and the flag lease is not out yet so we're still looking for a friends and maybe a little powdery mildew in those areas and probably the same in the northern reaches of Piedmont.

[00:00:29]
With by this week so even in Blacksburg we've got all the Barley's and it the. The wheat is the flag lease out on we I was just through Blackstone this morning and of course the bar has been headed there for about a week and weed is just starting to.

[00:00:46]
Quite a range. In terms of nutrient management you know there's not a whole lot you could be done with not for you know this at this stage we will we would call liquid fertiliser anyway like would you and would cause a significant amount at least barn and we do not want to damage the slag leaves so if you run into a situation where somebody just truly truly short of not reaching in your scene some deficiencies we can work out a recipe for Yury a dissolved in water or something like that.

[00:01:18]
Or from our perspective you know that flag leafs out I would be really really cautious. Any more not. Specially like. You know the next thing we're watching for is out of the mildew in the leaf rust it's about mildew season and it likes temperatures in the sixty's and seventy's who'll knights in the fifty's with plenty more secure so conditions are right or seem to be right for mildew when we we put together our variety publications of course we rank the Rockies for the relative resistance to those diseases and so I always advise people that are scouting.

[00:02:03]
To be aware of what varieties are out there looking in those fields. We don't want to look in a place in your only look in fields that have highly resistant varieties for example we'd be better off to try to find some that are slightly more susceptible to susceptible for the scouting protocols or just starts to show up it's going to start to show up throughout that region so once you find the 1st one you know it's just dominoes are going to fall.

[00:02:33]
To the same things for leave for us to although we're looking at yours in the seventies and eighties for rust to really be happy so the flag leaves are out. Temperatures warm up will be on the outlook for. For rust treating funding for those again you know our resistance information is available and obligation.

[00:02:55]
Fungicide information is available in the best management most appropriate uses I would say though you know and I think many of you have seen my slide that talks about the data from North Carolina you know and where they pulled I don't know 3 or 4 to 400 studies responder side was applied in wheat and they went back in and studied what we knew about those 2 responses particular sites and based on the assumptions for application fungicides.

[00:03:27]
They found that just praying a fungicide on weight without knowing anything in the field made money about half the time was about half the time it was a losing proposition this has made an application regardless it. Goes up to over 80 percent if they find any disease at any level in the profitable 80 percent of the so this is one of those cases where you don't have to be the best cow but it certainly does the time to go look and see what's in the field the.

[00:03:57]
In threshold for those are also in the p.m.c. it's about 5 percent leave for us on the flag lease or 3 to Full us tools. Out or mildew on the lease below the flag lease so the thresholds are very very low much disease in the canopy at all would warrant.

[00:04:20]
And so you know it should but it's a very useful thing in terms of the likelihood of a profitable return to those applications. Yes the next piece that I'm see on the horizon as it is the is spraying for heads and the conditions for that less is probably our biggest worry to date for the rest of the season all the labels for those at fives that you should spray when.

[00:04:53]
It is in mid flowering so that's when the little answers or be an ocean out you'll see those little yellow. Answers on the side stuck to the head and you know that's when the firing is occurring the newest products out there maracas ace as a broader window but it still has that same recommended date and I know Hillary's data supports the fact that you can get control but it certainly optimum control when it's Mitchell hour and so we're still targeting that as a guide a rough guide.

[00:05:29]
Flowering in our bodies occurs 4 to 6 days after a full head emergence after the heads emerge you've got 5 days to 2 minutes flowering. So that's kind of a timeline or a guide to help know when it's when you need to be ready. And to anticipate that a little bit the only other thing I'd say is around harvest season course we encourage farmers to have all the equipment components in place and everything ready and wind up to go because wheat is so sensitive to delayed harvest and the losses are due to weathering but I would also mention the fact that in weathering does occur on the major factors that happens as we lose just wait just wait on times because those kernels when they get wet they swell when they dry out shrink and they wrinkle a little bit and they don't act as well after that we went in and so they just make.

[00:06:34]
And so as that goes all I. Lose just weight and I. Had a fairly rapid rate usually is more dependent on the number of cycles of the number. Not necessarily the amount right it can be a cumulative effect as well my point is that we have some varieties of genetically hard just whites and others and so if there's an opportunity to prioritize those priorities with low test low test we should get them out of the field before weathering and I think we'll be better off in terms of the value of the crop we've got something we know genetically as I just.

[00:07:15]
You know maybe you could stand a little more weathering before. 58 and gets us out of that yes. So those are lots ots about where we are in this. Thank you Wade we appreciate the update I guess this will save all the questions to the end of the presentation and then.

[00:07:36]
Either waiter salads a salad or if you're ready we'll. Have. Things Rami I would like to 2nd what Wayne said in that you don't have to be the best scout to do your own path management and small grains it's more about getting out there and look not your crop in the good news for insect pests management in we especially in the eastern part of the state is there are few and that you're going to have to consistently man and in the ones that do pop up occasionally are easy to control with fairly inexpensive aside so the calls I've been getting this year and last year however Balkan mostly around Fed's.

[00:08:24]
And what I think is going on with the u.s. is it's just not getting cold enough and our winners to kill enough of the population they've player back up really quickly as soon as the weather warms gets about 50 degrees and the things that we count on to eat like ladybugs in Paris that it was just don't respond that quickly to warming temperatures the good news about a sense is rarely in the spring do you want to spend money on controlling them so I've never seen a healed response to a spring past the 1st of March so if you're controlling them in February.

[00:09:07]
If you need to that would be a better investment months we're into March and certainly April you have to have a tremendous population to warrant spending money jiving over that field and. What I mean by a large population is once plants are part of football $300.00 for Rohit or $20.00 to $25.00 per grade.

[00:09:36]
Still if you have questions anchor you to call me or invite me out to your field I cannot get within 6 feet of you but I'm also not allowed to be in my office so I'm more than happy to travel to get away from my children. The other thing this time of year as a serial leaf you know and that's in a moment as I think more prevalent in my memory than it is in Virginia the old.

[00:10:05]
I was speaking with Dave before we started and the bath time I remember seeing a significant population of the. Past was in college and the 2nd part of that was how long ago actually I was in college. These are the small slug like Florida. There was a time where we walk through the fields and they would stick here pan flag and we would call it at least in North Carolina a dirty Gene thresholds Who's your pimp a turn dart I haven't seen that man over a decade Wade said it's been maybe 7 years for anywhere in Virginia outside of the san and or the mountain regions that he's you know.

[00:10:53]
So I'm just coughing you know as this is an application you're still making maybe with your fungicide you're throwing in something in the teens to control serially fetal a it's probably not there b. because of our warming spring temperatures if it was there you messed. Up based on our to create a model on how fast the biology of this animal out of the reproduce it should have had its peak way a couple weeks ago so if you're not seeing it now you probably won't see it the rest of the season and the main reason I'm discouraging you to hold back I'm not next application of them tucked inside is to save you money but the 2nd reason is the animal that is likely in your repealed in fact that is hanging out there as a brown bag it does not cause your boss in wheat but it can in the detail of corn when we get to lead harvest.

[00:11:58]
Those insects move across the road or across the street or down the road which are certainly people doing in that corners just pretax so you can have some significant you know box why I don't want you to try to control them and we is it doesn't work. There is many and feel to them spray that has not been sprayed by that point the canopy is so dense They're very mobile they're capable of surviving it and Gnostic it away from him.

[00:12:29]
And everything we have a label to control it and corn is a paraphrase they're becoming increasingly harder to tell what the pirates write so if we keep exposing man in we prior to when they leave Sweden mate we're going to lose control of them in corn and certainly by the time we've sprayed them in wheat and we've sprayed them and Qumran we're not going to be able to cope with the cheap application and soy and then we're going to be left with.

[00:13:01]
Products that work but maybe there are less favorable to using like butter and. I think that's where every We're every maybe 10 years or so we see an army worm break out that was a couple years ago now if you pay attention to our Act passed in crop I $3.00 I will alert you of anything unusual or problem that's going on and Other than that just keep your boots on the ground and and then eye on your crop and as long as everything is healthy and you have it that's the end and the plants are growing well and you are dealing.

[00:13:41]
The most important thing for and fact as management. All right thanks Sally thanks to both Sally and Dr Thomas and Wade and there are days does anybody have any questions for a specialist this morning on the agency or any of our group were guests weighed heavy you see in.

[00:14:03]
A reduced to ring in late Planet week this year I've noticed something it was in Carolina came towards Up until. 3 or 4 weeks ago you could still see the gray and it looked like it just didn't Tiller like it should it and they were primarily in league play and it feels and you know does that across a state or is this something reasonable you know it it's state Mike and it's it was surprising to me because while mild The weather has been I thought we would have had more growth.

[00:14:39]
I don't know that I have a good answer. For that. I think what may have happened to us is that you know while the spring is very mild We just didn't get very much fall grows and so you know the plants were just not very vigorous even when conditions turned around and would have been otherwise favorable for them to grow the spring.

[00:15:03]
That's that's Mike yes I am seeing it and you're right it is it is late planted wheat and it tends to be for ids we would say are not they like since those that you know respond mostly to temperatures when they move from winter to spring most more don't see the spring grow.

[00:15:26]
Your drives that habit they tend to be the thinner ones if here thanking this will make sure I know who the man. And we tried to fix a few of those with with not just an application you know I we've got them up to 60 or 70 heads but Tiller's but it's not where I want to go they just didn't respond as well as I would like to say wait I know you touch briefly and you're talking on his can come and nothing is still a ways off whether be here before we know it can you just talk or just a few seconds some of the tools and resources that are available for growers to kind of predict conditions for that I know I think you conduct a mill have been working on some some modeling with that and I think there also is a national stand and give some predictions and you just touch briefly on that for growers Yes sure.

[00:16:23]
So the important thing you know the disease trying right you have to have septal host you have to have favorable conditions for infection and you have to have that. And fuse there in headline light is very much one of those it requires all 3 organism that causes it also interests.

[00:16:45]
And so you know if there's corn residue in the field then obviously the organism was there we found that this or moved dozens if not hundreds of miles in the upper atmosphere and so you know and I think anybody that's done this for a while you understand the risk of head gap is greater and seals have corn residue on that surface so that if you but I've certainly seen severe scab in you know crop it was following clean kill vegetables I mean there's just enough inoculation in in our air maybe you know if we control it for an entire county and had no corn or something we might be able to manage it which fact of the matter is is that we have the organism.

[00:17:28]
We're going to have a sceptical host any time heat or barley is flowering so and in the surface of that is you know the conditions that are right the environmental conditions are that we need to have free more sure usually means rain but it can also mean some heavy heavy duty or foggy mornings for us in Virginia because I've seen that happen rarely but it does happen occasionally So if you have those things you have rain flowering then it's most likely that that we're going to have high incidence of hits cabin section.

[00:18:01]
And so there's one very useful tool out there. It's actually was developed but the hits kept website if you just google search for heads cab or Penn State heads camp x. And I think I think the u.r.l. is it's gap or don't quote me on that. That is a model that links temperatures and precipitation is out for about 3 days to give you a risk of the same headlight infection so it gives you a little bit better gauge into what the expectations are for verity of cancer kept in any given year.

[00:18:41]
And it's a it's a useful tool you put in the relative resistance of variety that you have in the field your location and it does the rest in terms of temperature and more to predictions and that's a really useful tool. In order to understand and anticipate it the other thing I would tell you is especially if you're in an area of the state where you if you've got somebody who's you know how did we go and has my Yucatan Szell this year and if they're in an area where they don't normally tree for this you know start now make sure the products that we need are on hand.

[00:19:21]
At the local retailers in order to be able to be able to make these applications on because there is a very short window maybe a week in which we have to get all of it done or we lose efficacy very quickly. What else Robbie what I miss Now that's great when he does exactly what I was was hoping for on just some of those resources that are available for growers to take a look at some of those predictive models and hopefully get a head start before that stuff comes around if we do have pressure this year so thank you for that.

[00:19:56]
And any other questions for a way to Sally before we adjourned us morning. Thank you all once again I like to thank our speakers away Thomas and extension brain specialist and Dr Sally Taylor extension row Cross and the Molly just for joining us this morning and taking some time to share these updates with us so thank you all again for joining us and thank you to all the agents and growers and clients that we have on the line with us this morning we thank you all again for joining us we'll be back here again next week next Thursday.

[00:20:29]
At the same time 9 am we'll have another guest speaker and hopefully provide some more information that are in and help everybody stay sane durndest time and continue to do what everyone does best in the agricultural community and I think everyone's resilience and the agricultural community right now is just a testament of how things are frosts.

[00:20:51]
Appreciate everybody's time this morning.